First Flight: ProseFirst Flight: गद्य (Prose)First Flight: Prose
Class 10 English · Section 4 · UP Boardकक्षा 10 अंग्रेज़ी · खण्ड 4 · यूपी बोर्डClass 10 English · Section 4 · UP Board
Built by analysing many years of real UP Board papers, and updated after every board exam. Beginner or topper, it is for everyone.कई वर्षों के असली यूपी बोर्ड पेपरों के विश्लेषण से बना, हर बोर्ड परीक्षा के बाद अपडेट। शुरुआत करने वाले हों या टॉपर, सबके लिए।Kai saalon ke asli UP Board papers ko analyse karke bana, har board exam ke baad update. Beginner ho ya topper, sabke liye.
📊 Based on 5 years (2022–2026) of UP Board papers, current syllabus: 28 sets readवर्तमान सिलेबस के 5 वर्षों (2022–2026) के यूपी बोर्ड पेपरों पर आधारित: 28 सेट पढ़े गएCurrent syllabus ke 5 saal (2022–2026) ke UP Board papers par based: 28 sets padhe · plus 26 old-syllabus papers (2011–2020), counted separatelyसाथ में पुराने सिलेबस के 26 पेपर (2011–2020) अलग से गिने गएpurane syllabus ke 26 papers (2011–2020) alag se gine · 1 special-sitting paper(s) of 2021 not counted2021 की विशेष परीक्षा के 1 पेपर नहीं गिने गए2021 ki special exam ke 1 paper nahi gine
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🔥 Most asked in this chapterइस अध्याय में सबसे ज़्यादा पूछे गएIs chapter mein sabse zyada aaye
Ranked by how many years each topic came in the paper. Tap a topic to jump to its notes.हर टॉपिक कितने वर्ष पेपर में आया, उसी क्रम में। टॉपिक पर टैप करें, नोट्स पर पहुँचें।Har topic kitne saal paper mein aaya, usi order mein. Topic par tap kijiye, notes par pahunchiye.
Show all 13 topicsसभी 13 टॉपिक देखेंSaare 13 topics dekhiye
Haven't studied anything? Read just this much and you will pass.कुछ नहीं पढ़ा? बस इतना पढ़ लीजिए, पास हो जाएँगे।Kuch nahi padha? Bas itna padh lijiye, pass ho jayenge.
Prose from First Flight carries 15 marks: MCQs on an extract and on the lessons, two short answers (3 + 3) and one long answer (4). A Letter to God, Nelson Mandela, Madam Rides the Bus, Anne Frank and The Sermon at Benares come most often, so start with them. For each lesson know the writer, the story in order, the main characters and the theme; write answers in your own simple English, in 3–5 points.First Flight के गद्य से 15 अंक आते हैं: गद्यांश और पाठों पर MCQ, दो लघु उत्तर (3 + 3) और एक दीर्घ उत्तर (4)। A Letter to God, Nelson Mandela, Madam Rides the Bus, Anne Frank और The Sermon at Benares सबसे अधिक आते हैं, इसलिए इन्हीं से शुरू करें। हर पाठ का लेखक, कहानी क्रम से, मुख्य पात्र और विषय जानें; उत्तर अपनी सरल अंग्रेज़ी में 3–5 बिंदुओं में लिखें।First Flight ke prose se 15 marks aate hain: extract aur lessons par MCQ, do short answers (3 + 3) aur ek long answer (4). A Letter to God, Nelson Mandela, Madam Rides the Bus, Anne Frank aur The Sermon at Benares sabse zyada aate hain, isliye inhi se shuru kijiye. Har lesson ka writer, kahani order mein, main characters aur theme jaaniye; answers apni simple English mein 3–5 points mein likhiye.
🏅 Pass-guarantee minimumपास होने के लिए न्यूनतमPass hone ke liye minimum
- Learn the story of A Letter to God in 5 lines: hailstorm → letter to God for 100 pesos → postmaster collects 70 → Lencho angry → calls post office employees crooks.
- Nelson Mandela: 10 May 1994, twin obligations, courage = triumph over fear, the oppressor is also not free.
- Madam Rides the Bus: Valli, 30 paise each way, 60 paise saved, the dead cow on the way back.
- Anne Frank: diary 'Kitty', paper has more patience than people, Mr Keesing and the chatterbox essays.
- Sermon at Benares: Kisa Gotami, mustard seed from a house where no one died, death is common to all.
- Write every answer in points; start with the name of the character.
- A Letter to God की कहानी 5 पंक्तियों में याद करें: ओलावृष्टि → ईश्वर को 100 पेसो का पत्र → पोस्टमास्टर ने 70 जुटाए → लेंचो क्रोधित → डाक कर्मचारियों को बेईमान कहा।
- Nelson Mandela: 10 मई 1994, दोहरे दायित्व, साहस = भय पर विजय, अत्याचारी भी स्वतंत्र नहीं।
- Madam Rides the Bus: वल्ली, एक तरफ़ 30 पैसे, 60 पैसे बचाए, लौटते समय मरी हुई बछिया।
- Anne Frank: डायरी 'Kitty', काग़ज़ में लोगों से अधिक धैर्य, मि. कीसिंग और chatterbox निबंध।
- Sermon at Benares: किसा गोतमी, ऐसे घर से सरसों जहाँ कोई न मरा हो, मृत्यु सबके लिए समान।
- हर उत्तर बिंदुओं में लिखें; पात्र के नाम से शुरू करें।
- A Letter to God ki kahani 5 lines mein yaad kijiye: hailstorm → God ko 100 pesos ka letter → postmaster ne 70 jutaye → Lencho gussa → post office employees ko crooks kaha.
- Nelson Mandela: 10 May 1994, twin obligations, courage = fear par jeet, oppressor bhi free nahi.
- Madam Rides the Bus: Valli, ek taraf 30 paise, 60 paise bachaye, laut-te samay mari hui bachhiya.
- Anne Frank: diary 'Kitty', paper has more patience than people, Mr Keesing aur chatterbox essays.
- Sermon at Benares: Kisa Gotami, aise ghar se sarson jahan koi na mara ho, maut sabke liye hai.
- Har answer points mein likhiye; character ke naam se shuru kijiye.
🎯 1-mark facts that keep comingबार-बार आने वाले 1 अंक के तथ्यBaar baar aane wale 1 mark facts
- A Letter to God — writer G. L. Fuentes; Lencho; 100 pesos asked, 70 received.
- Long Walk to Freedom — Nelson Mandela; oath on 10 May 1994 in Pretoria.
- His First Flight — Liam O'Flaherty; The Black Aeroplane — Frederick Forsyth (Dakota plane).
- Anne Frank's diary was named Kitty; Mr Keesing taught maths.
- A Baker from Goa — Lucio Rodrigues; pader = baker; kabai = baker's long frock; bol = sweet bread.
- Coorg — Lokesh Abrol; between Mysore and Mangalore; General Cariappa; Kodavus.
- Tea from Assam — Arup Kumar Datta; Rajvir, Pranjol, Dhekiabari tea estate.
- Mijbil the Otter — Gavin Maxwell; Basra (Iraq); 'Maxwell's otter'.
- Madam Rides the Bus — Vallikkannan; Valli is eight years old.
- The Proposal — Anton Chekhov; Lomov, Natalya, Chubukov; Oxen Meadows; dogs Guess and Squeezer.
- A Letter to God — लेखक जी. एल. फ्यूएन्टेस; लेंचो; 100 पेसो माँगे, 70 मिले।
- Long Walk to Freedom — नेल्सन मंडेला; 10 मई 1994 को प्रिटोरिया में शपथ।
- His First Flight — लियाम ओ'फ्लेहर्टी; The Black Aeroplane — फ्रेडरिक फोर्सिथ (डकोटा विमान)।
- ऐन फ्रैंक की डायरी का नाम Kitty; मि. कीसिंग गणित पढ़ाते थे।
- A Baker from Goa — लूसियो रॉड्रिग्स; pader = बेकर; kabai = बेकर का लंबा फ्रॉक; bol = मीठी रोटी।
- Coorg — लोकेश अब्रोल; मैसूर और मंगलौर के बीच; जनरल करिअप्पा; कोडवु।
- Tea from Assam — अरूप कुमार दत्ता; राजवीर, प्रांजल, ढेकियाबारी चाय-बागान।
- Mijbil the Otter — गेविन मैक्सवेल; बसरा (इराक़); 'Maxwell's otter'।
- Madam Rides the Bus — वल्लिक्कन्नन; वल्ली आठ वर्ष की है।
- The Proposal — एंटन चेखव; लोमोव, नतालिया, चुबुकोव; Oxen Meadows; कुत्ते Guess और Squeezer।
- A Letter to God — writer G. L. Fuentes; Lencho; 100 pesos maange, 70 mile.
- Long Walk to Freedom — Nelson Mandela; 10 May 1994 ko Pretoria mein oath.
- His First Flight — Liam O'Flaherty; The Black Aeroplane — Frederick Forsyth (Dakota plane).
- Anne Frank ki diary ka naam Kitty; Mr Keesing maths padhate the.
- A Baker from Goa — Lucio Rodrigues; pader = baker; kabai = baker ka lamba frock; bol = meethi bread.
- Coorg — Lokesh Abrol; Mysore aur Mangalore ke beech; General Cariappa; Kodavus.
- Tea from Assam — Arup Kumar Datta; Rajvir, Pranjol, Dhekiabari tea estate.
- Mijbil the Otter — Gavin Maxwell; Basra (Iraq); 'Maxwell's otter'.
- Madam Rides the Bus — Vallikkannan; Valli aath saal ki hai.
- The Proposal — Anton Chekhov; Lomov, Natalya, Chubukov; Oxen Meadows; dogs Guess aur Squeezer.
The questions that come every year, with model answers. Most asked first.हर साल आने वाले प्रश्न, आदर्श उत्तरों के साथ। सबसे ज़्यादा पूछे गए पहले।Har saal aane wale sawaal, model answers ke saath. Sabse zyada aaye pehle.
A Letter to God — G. L. Fuentesए लेटर टू गॉड — जी. एल. फ्यूएन्टेसA Letter to God — G. L. Fuentes
🔥 Asked in 5 of 5 years🔥 5 में से 5 वर्ष पूछा गया🔥 Aaya hai 5/5 saal🔴 Very importantबहुत महत्वपूर्णBahut important- Writer: G. L. Fuentes (Gregorio López y Fuentes). Theme: a simple farmer's complete faith in God, and the kindness of the postmaster.
- Lencho, a farmer, hoped for a good harvest of corn. Rain came, but it turned into a hailstorm ('frozen pearls'). The crop was destroyed, worse than a plague of locusts.
- Lencho had full faith in God. He wrote a letter 'To God' asking for 100 pesos to sow his field again and to live till the next crop.
- The postman laughed at the address. The postmaster, a fat and kind man, also laughed, but then wanted to keep Lencho's faith alive.
- He collected money from his staff and gave part of his own salary, but could send only a little more than half: 70 pesos, signed 'God'.
- Lencho was not surprised to get the money, but he was angry when he counted it. He thought the post office employees had stolen the rest.
- In his second letter he asked God to send the remaining money, but not through the mail, because the post office employees were 'a bunch of crooks'.
- Irony: the people who helped him are the ones he calls crooks.
- लेखक: जी. एल. फ्यूएन्टेस (Gregorio López y Fuentes)। विषय: एक सरल किसान की ईश्वर में पूर्ण आस्था, और पोस्टमास्टर की दयालुता।
- किसान लेंचो को मक्के की अच्छी फ़सल की आशा थी। वर्षा आई, पर ओलावृष्टि में बदल गई ('frozen pearls')। फ़सल नष्ट हो गई, टिड्डियों के दल से भी बुरी हालत।
- लेंचो को ईश्वर में पूरा विश्वास था। उसने 'To God' पत्र लिखकर खेत दोबारा बोने और अगली फ़सल तक जीने के लिए 100 पेसो माँगे।
- डाकिया पता देखकर हँसा। मोटा और दयालु पोस्टमास्टर भी हँसा, पर फिर उसने लेंचो की आस्था बनाए रखनी चाही।
- उसने कर्मचारियों से पैसे इकट्ठे किए और अपने वेतन का भी हिस्सा दिया, पर आधे से कुछ ही अधिक भेज सका: 70 पेसो, 'God' के हस्ताक्षर से।
- लेंचो पैसे पाकर हैरान नहीं हुआ, पर गिनने पर क्रोधित हुआ। उसे लगा कि डाकघर के कर्मचारियों ने बाकी पैसे चुरा लिए।
- दूसरे पत्र में उसने ईश्वर से बाकी पैसे माँगे, पर डाक से नहीं, क्योंकि डाकघर के कर्मचारी 'a bunch of crooks' (बेईमानों का झुंड) हैं।
- व्यंग्य (irony): जिन लोगों ने उसकी मदद की, उन्हीं को वह बेईमान कहता है।
- Writer: G. L. Fuentes (Gregorio López y Fuentes). Theme: ek seedhe kisaan ki God mein poori aastha, aur postmaster ki dayaluta.
- Kisaan Lencho ko makke ki achhi fasal ki ummeed thi. Baarish aayi, par oleh (hailstorm) mein badal gayi ('frozen pearls'). Fasal barbaad ho gayi, tiddiyon (locusts) se bhi buri haalat.
- Lencho ko God mein poora vishwas tha. Usne 'To God' letter likhkar khet dobara bone aur agli fasal tak jeene ke liye 100 pesos maange.
- Postman address dekhkar hansa. Mota aur dayalu postmaster bhi hansa, par phir usne Lencho ki aastha bachani chahi.
- Usne staff se paise ikatthe kiye aur apni salary ka bhi hissa diya, par aadhe se thoda hi zyada bhej saka: 70 pesos, 'God' ke sign se.
- Lencho paise paakar hairaan nahi hua, par ginne par gussa hua. Use laga ki post office ke employees ne baaki paise chura liye.
- Doosre letter mein usne God se baaki paise maange, par mail se nahi, kyonki post office ke employees 'a bunch of crooks' hain.
- Irony: jin logon ne uski madad ki, unhi ko woh crooks kehta hai.
What made Lencho angry when he received the letter? / What did he write in his second letter?What made Lencho angry when he received the letter? / What did he write in his second letter?What made Lencho angry when he received the letter? / What did he write in his second letter?
- Lencho had asked God for 100 pesos, but the envelope had only 70 pesos.
- He was sure God could not make a mistake, so he thought the post office employees had taken the rest.
- In his second letter he asked God to send the remaining 30 pesos, but not by mail, because the post office employees were 'a bunch of crooks'.
- Lencho had asked God for 100 pesos, but the envelope had only 70 pesos.
- He was sure God could not make a mistake, so he thought the post office employees had taken the rest.
- In his second letter he asked God to send the remaining 30 pesos, but not by mail, because the post office employees were 'a bunch of crooks'.
- Lencho had asked God for 100 pesos, but the envelope had only 70 pesos.
- He was sure God could not make a mistake, so he thought the post office employees had taken the rest.
- In his second letter he asked God to send the remaining 30 pesos, but not by mail, because the post office employees were 'a bunch of crooks'.
What was the effect of the hailstorm on Lencho's field? Why did the postmaster laugh, and what did he do then?What was the effect of the hailstorm on Lencho's field? Why did the postmaster laugh, and what did he do then?What was the effect of the hailstorm on Lencho's field? Why did the postmaster laugh, and what did he do then?
- The hailstorm covered the valley with ice. The corn was totally destroyed and not a leaf was left on the trees. Lencho's family faced hunger for the whole year.
- The postmaster laughed because a letter addressed to God was strange and funny.
- But he was moved by Lencho's faith. He decided to answer it so that the man's faith would not be shaken.
- He collected money from his employees and friends, gave part of his own salary, and sent 70 pesos with a letter signed 'God'.
- The hailstorm covered the valley with ice. The corn was totally destroyed and not a leaf was left on the trees. Lencho's family faced hunger for the whole year.
- The postmaster laughed because a letter addressed to God was strange and funny.
- But he was moved by Lencho's faith. He decided to answer it so that the man's faith would not be shaken.
- He collected money from his employees and friends, gave part of his own salary, and sent 70 pesos with a letter signed 'God'.
- The hailstorm covered the valley with ice. The corn was totally destroyed and not a leaf was left on the trees. Lencho's family faced hunger for the whole year.
- The postmaster laughed because a letter addressed to God was strange and funny.
- But he was moved by Lencho's faith. He decided to answer it so that the man's faith would not be shaken.
- He collected money from his employees and friends, gave part of his own salary, and sent 70 pesos with a letter signed 'God'.
💡 Learn the numbers: asked 100 pesos, got 70 pesos (a little more than half).संख्याएँ याद रखें: 100 पेसो माँगे, 70 पेसो मिले (आधे से कुछ अधिक)।Numbers yaad rakhiye: 100 pesos maange, 70 pesos mile (aadhe se thoda zyada).
Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedomनेल्सन मंडेला: लॉन्ग वॉक टू फ्रीडमNelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom
🔥 Asked in 5 of 5 years🔥 5 में से 5 वर्ष पूछा गया🔥 Aaya hai 5/5 saal🔴 Very importantबहुत महत्वपूर्णBahut important- An extract from Nelson Mandela's autobiography 'Long Walk to Freedom'. Theme: freedom, courage and the end of apartheid (racial discrimination) in South Africa.
- On 10 May 1994, at the Union Buildings in Pretoria, Mandela took oath as South Africa's first Black President. Mr de Klerk was sworn in as second deputy president and Thabo Mbeki as first deputy president.
- Twin obligations: every man has two duties — to his family (parents, wife, children) and to his people, community and country. In South Africa a Black man who tried to do his duty to his people was punished, so he could not do both.
- Freedom as he saw it: as a boy he felt free (to run, swim, roam); as a student and young man he found his freedom was curtailed; then he saw that the freedom of all his people was curtailed.
- His 'hunger for freedom' for his people turned a frightened young man into a bold one and a law-abiding lawyer into a 'criminal' (a freedom fighter), and made him leave his family life.
- Courage: 'not the absence of fear, but the triumph over it'. The brave man is the one who conquers fear.
- Who is not free? The oppressor too. A man who takes away another's freedom is a 'prisoner of hatred', locked behind bars of prejudice. Both the oppressed and the oppressor must be liberated.
- He believes no one is born hating others; people learn to hate, so they can also be taught to love.
- नेल्सन मंडेला की आत्मकथा 'Long Walk to Freedom' का अंश। विषय: स्वतंत्रता, साहस और दक्षिण अफ़्रीका में रंगभेद (apartheid) का अंत।
- 10 मई 1994 को प्रिटोरिया के Union Buildings में मंडेला ने दक्षिण अफ़्रीका के पहले अश्वेत राष्ट्रपति के रूप में शपथ ली। मि. डी क्लार्क दूसरे उप-राष्ट्रपति और थाबो म्बेकी पहले उप-राष्ट्रपति बने।
- दोहरे दायित्व (twin obligations): हर व्यक्ति के दो कर्तव्य हैं — परिवार (माता-पिता, पत्नी, बच्चे) के प्रति और अपने लोगों, समुदाय व देश के प्रति। दक्षिण अफ़्रीका में अपने लोगों के लिए काम करने वाले अश्वेत को सज़ा मिलती थी, इसलिए वह दोनों नहीं निभा सकता था।
- उनकी दृष्टि में स्वतंत्रता: बचपन में वे स्वयं को स्वतंत्र समझते थे (दौड़ना, तैरना, घूमना); छात्र और युवा होकर पाया कि उनकी स्वतंत्रता सीमित है; फिर देखा कि उनके सभी लोगों की स्वतंत्रता छीनी गई है।
- अपने लोगों की स्वतंत्रता की 'भूख' ने एक डरे हुए युवक को निडर बनाया, एक क़ानून मानने वाले वकील को 'अपराधी' (स्वतंत्रता सेनानी) बना दिया, और पारिवारिक जीवन छुड़वा दिया।
- साहस: 'भय का न होना नहीं, बल्कि भय पर विजय'। बहादुर वह है जो भय को जीत लेता है।
- स्वतंत्र कौन नहीं? अत्याचारी भी। जो दूसरे की स्वतंत्रता छीनता है वह 'घृणा का कैदी' है, पूर्वाग्रह की सलाखों के पीछे बंद। शोषित और शोषक दोनों को मुक्त होना चाहिए।
- उनका मानना है कि कोई जन्म से घृणा नहीं करता; लोग घृणा सीखते हैं, इसलिए उन्हें प्रेम करना भी सिखाया जा सकता है।
- Nelson Mandela ki autobiography 'Long Walk to Freedom' ka hissa. Theme: freedom, courage aur South Africa mein apartheid (rang-bhed) ka ant.
- 10 May 1994 ko Pretoria ke Union Buildings mein Mandela ne South Africa ke pehle Black President ki shapath li. Mr de Klerk second deputy president aur Thabo Mbeki first deputy president bane.
- Twin obligations: har insaan ke do farz hain — family (parents, wife, bachche) ke prati aur apne logon, community aur desh ke prati. South Africa mein apne logon ke liye kaam karne wale Black aadmi ko saza milti thi, isliye woh dono nahi nibha sakta tha.
- Unki nazar mein freedom: bachpan mein woh khud ko free samajhte the (daudna, tairna, ghoomna); student aur jawan hokar paaya ki unki freedom curtailed hai; phir dekha ki unke saare logon ki freedom chheeni gayi hai.
- Apne logon ki freedom ki 'hunger' ne ek dare hue jawan ko bold banaya, ek law-abiding lawyer ko 'criminal' (freedom fighter) bana diya, aur family life chhudwa di.
- Courage: 'fear ka na hona nahi, balki fear par jeet'. Bahadur woh hai jo dar ko jeet leta hai.
- Free kaun nahi? Oppressor bhi. Jo doosre ki freedom chheenta hai woh 'prisoner of hatred' hai, prejudice ki salakhon ke peeche band. Oppressed aur oppressor dono ko azaad hona chahiye.
- Unka maanna hai ki koi janam se nafrat nahi karta; log nafrat seekhte hain, isliye unhe pyaar karna bhi sikhaya ja sakta hai.
What, according to Mandela, is true freedom? Who is not free?What, according to Mandela, is true freedom? Who is not free?What, according to Mandela, is true freedom? Who is not free?
- For Mandela, true freedom is not only one's own freedom; it is the freedom of all people to live with dignity and self-respect.
- The oppressor is also not free. A man who takes away another man's freedom is a prisoner of hatred and prejudice.
- So both the oppressed and the oppressor must be set free.
- For Mandela, true freedom is not only one's own freedom; it is the freedom of all people to live with dignity and self-respect.
- The oppressor is also not free. A man who takes away another man's freedom is a prisoner of hatred and prejudice.
- So both the oppressed and the oppressor must be set free.
- For Mandela, true freedom is not only one's own freedom; it is the freedom of all people to live with dignity and self-respect.
- The oppressor is also not free. A man who takes away another man's freedom is a prisoner of hatred and prejudice.
- So both the oppressed and the oppressor must be set free.
How did Mandela's 'hunger for freedom' change his life? / What were the difficulties he faced?How did Mandela's 'hunger for freedom' change his life? / What were the difficulties he faced?How did Mandela's 'hunger for freedom' change his life? / What were the difficulties he faced?
- As a young man Mandela wanted only personal freedom: to earn a living, marry and have a family.
- Slowly he saw that not only his freedom but the freedom of all Black people was curtailed by the apartheid laws.
- This hunger for his people's freedom made him bold. The law-abiding lawyer became a 'criminal' in the eyes of the government.
- He had to live away from his wife and children; he could not fulfil his duty to his family and spent many years in prison.
- But his sacrifice, along with that of many others, finally brought freedom, and he became the first Black President in 1994.
- As a young man Mandela wanted only personal freedom: to earn a living, marry and have a family.
- Slowly he saw that not only his freedom but the freedom of all Black people was curtailed by the apartheid laws.
- This hunger for his people's freedom made him bold. The law-abiding lawyer became a 'criminal' in the eyes of the government.
- He had to live away from his wife and children; he could not fulfil his duty to his family and spent many years in prison.
- But his sacrifice, along with that of many others, finally brought freedom, and he became the first Black President in 1994.
- As a young man Mandela wanted only personal freedom: to earn a living, marry and have a family.
- Slowly he saw that not only his freedom but the freedom of all Black people was curtailed by the apartheid laws.
- This hunger for his people's freedom made him bold. The law-abiding lawyer became a 'criminal' in the eyes of the government.
- He had to live away from his wife and children; he could not fulfil his duty to his family and spent many years in prison.
- But his sacrifice, along with that of many others, finally brought freedom, and he became the first Black President in 1994.
💡 Remember the date 10 May 1994 and the two deputy presidents (de Klerk, Thabo Mbeki) for MCQs.MCQ के लिए तिथि 10 मई 1994 और दोनों उप-राष्ट्रपति (डी क्लार्क, थाबो म्बेकी) याद रखें।MCQ ke liye date 10 May 1994 aur dono deputy presidents (de Klerk, Thabo Mbeki) yaad rakhiye.
Madam Rides the Bus — Vallikkannanमैडम राइड्स द बस — वल्लिक्कन्ननMadam Rides the Bus — Vallikkannan
🔥 Asked in 5 of 5 years🔥 5 में से 5 वर्ष पूछा गया🔥 Aaya hai 5/5 saal🔴 Very importantबहुत महत्वपूर्णBahut important- Writer: Vallikkannan. Theme: an eight-year-old girl's first journey into the outside world, and her first meeting with death.
- Valli (Vallikkannu) watched the bus from her door every day and dreamed of riding it. She learned all the details by listening to people.
- The town was six miles away; the fare was thirty paise one way. She saved sixty paise by resisting toys, sweets and balloons, even at the village fair.
- One afternoon, when her mother was asleep, she boarded the bus alone. The conductor joked with her and called her 'madam'. She refused to be treated like a child and paid her own fare.
- She enjoyed the sights: green fields, a canal, palm trees, and a young cow running in front of the bus, which made her laugh.
- In town she did not get down; she stayed on the bus and paid thirty paise again. She politely refused the conductor's offer of a drink (she had no money left).
- On the way back she saw the same young cow lying dead by the road, hit by a vehicle. She was shocked and did not want to look out of the window any more.
- She reached home safely; her mother never knew. Valli is curious, brave, independent, careful with money and self-respecting.
- लेखक: वल्लिक्कन्नन। विषय: आठ वर्ष की लड़की की बाहरी दुनिया की पहली यात्रा, और मृत्यु से उसका पहला परिचय।
- वल्ली (वल्लिक्कन्नु) रोज़ दरवाज़े से बस देखती थी और उसमें बैठने का सपना देखती थी। लोगों की बातें सुनकर उसने सारी जानकारी जुटा ली।
- शहर छह मील दूर था; एक तरफ़ का किराया तीस पैसे था। उसने खिलौने, मिठाई, गुब्बारे का मन मारकर, मेले में भी, साठ पैसे बचाए।
- एक दोपहर जब माँ सो रही थी, वह अकेली बस में चढ़ गई। कंडक्टर ने मज़ाक करते हुए उसे 'madam' कहा। उसने बच्चे जैसा व्यवहार स्वीकार नहीं किया और अपना किराया स्वयं दिया।
- उसने दृश्यों का आनंद लिया: हरे खेत, नहर, ताड़ के पेड़, और बस के आगे दौड़ती एक बछिया, जिसे देखकर वह हँस पड़ी।
- शहर में वह उतरी नहीं; बस में ही बैठी रही और फिर तीस पैसे दिए। कंडक्टर के कुछ पीने के प्रस्ताव को उसने विनम्रता से मना कर दिया (उसके पास पैसे नहीं बचे थे)।
- लौटते समय उसने वही बछिया सड़क किनारे मरी पड़ी देखी, किसी वाहन से टकराकर। वह स्तब्ध रह गई और फिर खिड़की से बाहर देखना नहीं चाहा।
- वह सुरक्षित घर पहुँच गई; माँ को कभी पता नहीं चला। वल्ली जिज्ञासु, साहसी, आत्मनिर्भर, पैसे में सावधान और स्वाभिमानी है।
- Writer: Vallikkannan. Theme: aath saal ki ladki ki bahar ki duniya ki pehli yatra, aur maut se pehli mulaqat.
- Valli (Vallikkannu) roz darwaze se bus dekhti thi aur usme baithne ka sapna dekhti thi. Logon ki baatein sunkar usne saari jaankari jutaa li.
- Town chhah mile door tha; ek taraf ka kiraya tees paise tha. Usne khilone, mithai, gubbare ka mann maarkar, mele mein bhi, saath paise bachaye.
- Ek dopahar jab maa so rahi thi, woh akeli bus mein chadh gayi. Conductor ne mazaak mein use 'madam' kaha. Usne bachche jaisa bartaav maana nahi aur apna kiraya khud diya.
- Usne nazaaron ka mazaa liya: hare khet, nahar, taad ke ped, aur bus ke aage daudti ek bachhiya (young cow), jise dekhkar woh hans padi.
- Town mein woh utri nahi; bus mein hi baithi rahi aur phir tees paise diye. Conductor ke kuch peene ke offer ko usne politely mana kar diya (uske paas paise nahi bache the).
- Laut-te samay usne wahi bachhiya sadak kinare mari padi dekhi, kisi gaadi se takrakar. Woh sann reh gayi aur phir khidki se bahar dekhna nahi chaha.
- Woh safe ghar pahunch gayi; maa ko kabhi pata nahi chala. Valli curious, bahadur, independent, paise mein careful aur swabhimaani hai.
Why did Valli refuse to look out of the window on her way back?Why did Valli refuse to look out of the window on her way back?Why did Valli refuse to look out of the window on her way back?
- On her way to town Valli had laughed at a young cow running in front of the bus.
- On the way back she saw the same cow lying dead by the roadside; a vehicle had hit it.
- This was her first sight of death. It shocked and saddened her, and the joy of the trip was gone, so she did not want to look out of the window again.
- On her way to town Valli had laughed at a young cow running in front of the bus.
- On the way back she saw the same cow lying dead by the roadside; a vehicle had hit it.
- This was her first sight of death. It shocked and saddened her, and the joy of the trip was gone, so she did not want to look out of the window again.
- On her way to town Valli had laughed at a young cow running in front of the bus.
- On the way back she saw the same cow lying dead by the roadside; a vehicle had hit it.
- This was her first sight of death. It shocked and saddened her, and the joy of the trip was gone, so she did not want to look out of the window again.
How did Valli plan and save for her bus journey? How did the conductor treat her?How did Valli plan and save for her bus journey? How did the conductor treat her?How did Valli plan and save for her bus journey? How did the conductor treat her?
- Valli listened carefully to people's talk and learned that the town was six miles away and the fare was thirty paise each way.
- She saved sixty paise by not spending on sweets, toys, balloons or rides, even at the fair.
- She chose the afternoon, when her mother slept, so that she could go and come back unnoticed.
- The conductor was friendly and jolly. He joked with her, called her 'madam', and on the return trip offered her a drink, which she politely refused.
- Valli listened carefully to people's talk and learned that the town was six miles away and the fare was thirty paise each way.
- She saved sixty paise by not spending on sweets, toys, balloons or rides, even at the fair.
- She chose the afternoon, when her mother slept, so that she could go and come back unnoticed.
- The conductor was friendly and jolly. He joked with her, called her 'madam', and on the return trip offered her a drink, which she politely refused.
- Valli listened carefully to people's talk and learned that the town was six miles away and the fare was thirty paise each way.
- She saved sixty paise by not spending on sweets, toys, balloons or rides, even at the fair.
- She chose the afternoon, when her mother slept, so that she could go and come back unnoticed.
- The conductor was friendly and jolly. He joked with her, called her 'madam', and on the return trip offered her a drink, which she politely refused.
From the Diary of Anne Frankफ्रॉम द डायरी ऑफ़ ऐन फ्रैंकFrom the Diary of Anne Frank
🔥 Asked in 5 of 5 years🔥 5 में से 5 वर्ष पूछा गया🔥 Aaya hai 5/5 saal🔴 Very importantबहुत महत्वपूर्णBahut important- A Jewish girl, Anne Frank (born 12 June 1929), wrote a diary while hiding from the Nazis in Amsterdam during the Second World War. She died in a concentration camp in 1945.
- She got the diary on her thirteenth birthday. She named it 'Kitty' because she had no true friend to share her real feelings with.
- 'Paper has more patience than people': people may not listen or understand, but paper accepts all her thoughts quietly.
- Family: father Otto Frank, mother Edith Hollander Frank, elder sister Margot. They lived in Frankfurt; her father emigrated to Holland in 1933 and the rest of the family followed. Anne loved her grandmother, who died in January 1942.
- School: Mr Keesing, the old maths teacher, punished her for talking in class by giving her extra essays: 'A Chatterbox', then 'An Incorrigible Chatterbox'.
- Her first essay argued that talking is a female trait she got from her mother, which she could not change. Mr Keesing laughed.
- The third task was 'Quack, Quack, Quack, Said Mistress Chatterbox'. With help from her friend Sanne she wrote a funny poem about a mother duck, a father swan and three ducklings who were bitten to death by their father because they quacked too much. Mr Keesing took the joke well, read it in class, and stopped punishing her for talking.
- एक यहूदी लड़की, ऐन फ्रैंक (जन्म 12 जून 1929), ने द्वितीय विश्व युद्ध में एम्स्टर्डम में नाज़ियों से छिपते हुए डायरी लिखी। 1945 में एक यातना-शिविर (concentration camp) में उसकी मृत्यु हुई।
- उसे डायरी तेरहवें जन्मदिन पर मिली। उसने उसका नाम 'Kitty' रखा क्योंकि उसका कोई सच्चा मित्र नहीं था जिससे वह मन की बात कह सके।
- 'Paper has more patience than people': लोग शायद न सुनें या न समझें, पर काग़ज़ उसकी सारी बातें चुपचाप स्वीकार कर लेता है।
- परिवार: पिता ओटो फ्रैंक, माँ एडिथ हॉलैंडर फ्रैंक, बड़ी बहन मार्गोट। वे फ्रैंकफर्ट में रहते थे; पिता 1933 में हॉलैंड चले गए और बाकी परिवार बाद में पहुँचा। ऐन अपनी दादी/नानी से बहुत प्रेम करती थी, जिनकी जनवरी 1942 में मृत्यु हुई।
- विद्यालय: गणित के बूढ़े शिक्षक मि. कीसिंग ने कक्षा में बात करने की सज़ा में उसे अतिरिक्त निबंध दिए: 'A Chatterbox', फिर 'An Incorrigible Chatterbox'।
- पहले निबंध में उसने लिखा कि बात करना स्त्रियों का गुण है जो उसे माँ से मिला है और जिसे वह बदल नहीं सकती। मि. कीसिंग हँस पड़े।
- तीसरा काम था 'Quack, Quack, Quack, Said Mistress Chatterbox'। मित्र सान्ने की मदद से उसने एक मज़ेदार कविता लिखी: एक माँ बत्तख, पिता हंस और तीन बच्चे, जिन्हें बहुत 'क्वैक' करने पर पिता ने काटकर मार डाला। मि. कीसिंग ने मज़ाक को सही रूप में लिया, कक्षा में पढ़कर सुनाई और बात करने पर सज़ा देना बंद कर दिया।
- Ek Jewish ladki, Anne Frank (janam 12 June 1929), ne Second World War mein Amsterdam mein Nazis se chhupte hue diary likhi. 1945 mein ek concentration camp mein uski maut hui.
- Use diary terahve birthday par mili. Usne uska naam 'Kitty' rakha kyonki uska koi sachcha dost nahi tha jisse woh mann ki baat keh sake.
- 'Paper has more patience than people': log shayad na sunein ya na samjhein, par kaagaz uski saari baatein chupchaap sweekar kar leta hai.
- Family: father Otto Frank, mother Edith Hollander Frank, badi behen Margot. Woh Frankfurt mein rehte the; father 1933 mein Holland chale gaye aur baaki family baad mein pahunchi. Anne apni grandmother se bahut pyaar karti thi, jinki January 1942 mein maut hui.
- School: maths ke boodhe teacher Mr Keesing ne class mein baat karne ki saza mein use extra essays diye: 'A Chatterbox', phir 'An Incorrigible Chatterbox'.
- Pehle essay mein usne likha ki baat karna ladkiyon ka gun hai jo use maa se mila hai aur jise woh badal nahi sakti. Mr Keesing hans pade.
- Teesra kaam tha 'Quack, Quack, Quack, Said Mistress Chatterbox'. Dost Sanne ki madad se usne mazedaar poem likhi: ek mother duck, father swan aur teen ducklings, jinhe bahut quack karne par father ne kaatkar maar diya. Mr Keesing ne mazaak ko sahi liya, class mein padhkar sunayi aur baat karne par saza dena band kar diya.
Why does Anne think that paper has more patience than people? Why did she name her diary 'Kitty'?Why does Anne think that paper has more patience than people? Why did she name her diary 'Kitty'?Why does Anne think that paper has more patience than people? Why did she name her diary 'Kitty'?
- Anne had loving parents, a sister and about thirty people she could call friends, but no true friend with whom she could share her deepest feelings.
- People may get bored or may not understand, but paper listens to everything without complaint, so she felt paper has more patience than people.
- She wanted the diary to be her true friend, so she gave it a name, 'Kitty'.
- Anne had loving parents, a sister and about thirty people she could call friends, but no true friend with whom she could share her deepest feelings.
- People may get bored or may not understand, but paper listens to everything without complaint, so she felt paper has more patience than people.
- She wanted the diary to be her true friend, so she gave it a name, 'Kitty'.
- Anne had loving parents, a sister and about thirty people she could call friends, but no true friend with whom she could share her deepest feelings.
- People may get bored or may not understand, but paper listens to everything without complaint, so she felt paper has more patience than people.
- She wanted the diary to be her true friend, so she gave it a name, 'Kitty'.
How did Anne finally stop Mr Keesing from punishing her?How did Anne finally stop Mr Keesing from punishing her?How did Anne finally stop Mr Keesing from punishing her?
- Mr Keesing gave Anne extra essays as punishment for talking in class: 'A Chatterbox' and 'An Incorrigible Chatterbox'.
- She wrote cleverly that talking is a quality of girls which she had got from her mother, so she could not stop it.
- When she was told to write 'Quack, Quack, Quack, Said Mistress Chatterbox', she decided the joke would be on him. With her friend Sanne's help she wrote a funny poem about a mother duck, a father swan and three ducklings who were bitten to death by their father because they quacked too much.
- Mr Keesing took the joke the right way, read the poem aloud in class, and after that allowed her to talk and never punished her again.
- Mr Keesing gave Anne extra essays as punishment for talking in class: 'A Chatterbox' and 'An Incorrigible Chatterbox'.
- She wrote cleverly that talking is a quality of girls which she had got from her mother, so she could not stop it.
- When she was told to write 'Quack, Quack, Quack, Said Mistress Chatterbox', she decided the joke would be on him. With her friend Sanne's help she wrote a funny poem about a mother duck, a father swan and three ducklings who were bitten to death by their father because they quacked too much.
- Mr Keesing took the joke the right way, read the poem aloud in class, and after that allowed her to talk and never punished her again.
- Mr Keesing gave Anne extra essays as punishment for talking in class: 'A Chatterbox' and 'An Incorrigible Chatterbox'.
- She wrote cleverly that talking is a quality of girls which she had got from her mother, so she could not stop it.
- When she was told to write 'Quack, Quack, Quack, Said Mistress Chatterbox', she decided the joke would be on him. With her friend Sanne's help she wrote a funny poem about a mother duck, a father swan and three ducklings who were bitten to death by their father because they quacked too much.
- Mr Keesing took the joke the right way, read the poem aloud in class, and after that allowed her to talk and never punished her again.
The Sermon at Benaresद सर्मन ऐट बनारसThe Sermon at Benares
🔥 Asked in 5 of 5 years🔥 5 में से 5 वर्ष पूछा गया🔥 Aaya hai 5/5 saal🔴 Very importantबहुत महत्वपूर्णBahut important- About Gautama Buddha (563 B.C.–483 B.C.), born as Prince Siddhartha Gautama in northern India. Seeing sickness, old age and death, he left his palace to find the cause of suffering. After seven days of meditation under a peepal tree he got enlightenment; the tree became the Bodhi Tree (Tree of Wisdom). He gave his first sermon at Benares.
- Kisa Gotami's only son died. Mad with grief, she carried the dead child from house to house asking for medicine. A man sent her to the Buddha.
- The Buddha asked her to bring a handful of mustard seed, but only from a house where no one had lost a child, husband, parent or friend.
- Every house gave the seed gladly, but every house had lost someone. She could not find even one such house.
- Sitting by the roadside, she watched the city lights flicker and go out. She understood: 'How selfish am I in my grief! Death is common to all.'
- The Buddha's teaching: the life of mortals is short and full of pain; all who are born must die, as ripe fruits are in danger of falling; so the wise do not grieve, knowing the terms of the world.
- Peace comes not from weeping but from accepting the truth and overcoming sorrow; such a person is free and blessed.
- गौतम बुद्ध (563 ई.पू.–483 ई.पू.) के बारे में, जो उत्तर भारत में राजकुमार सिद्धार्थ गौतम के रूप में जन्मे। रोग, बुढ़ापा और मृत्यु देखकर वे दुख का कारण खोजने महल छोड़कर निकल पड़े। पीपल के पेड़ के नीचे सात दिन ध्यान के बाद उन्हें ज्ञान प्राप्त हुआ; वह पेड़ बोधि वृक्ष (ज्ञान का वृक्ष) कहलाया। पहला उपदेश उन्होंने बनारस में दिया।
- किसा गोतमी का इकलौता पुत्र मर गया। दुख से पागल होकर वह मृत बच्चे को लेकर घर-घर दवा माँगती रही। एक व्यक्ति ने उसे बुद्ध के पास भेजा।
- बुद्ध ने उससे मुट्ठी भर सरसों के दाने लाने को कहा, पर केवल ऐसे घर से जहाँ किसी ने बच्चा, पति, माता-पिता या मित्र न खोया हो।
- हर घर ने खुशी से दाने दिए, पर हर घर में किसी की मृत्यु हुई थी। उसे एक भी ऐसा घर नहीं मिला।
- सड़क किनारे बैठकर उसने शहर की बत्तियों को टिमटिमाते और बुझते देखा। उसे समझ आया: 'मैं अपने दुख में कितनी स्वार्थी हूँ! मृत्यु सबके लिए समान है।'
- बुद्ध का उपदेश: मनुष्यों का जीवन छोटा और दुखों से भरा है; जो जन्मा है उसे मरना है, जैसे पके फल गिरने के ख़तरे में रहते हैं; इसलिए बुद्धिमान संसार के नियम जानकर शोक नहीं करते।
- शांति रोने से नहीं, सत्य स्वीकार कर दुख पर विजय पाने से मिलती है; ऐसा व्यक्ति मुक्त और धन्य होता है।
- Gautama Buddha (563 B.C.–483 B.C.) ke baare mein, jo north India mein Prince Siddhartha Gautama ke roop mein janme. Bimari, budhapa aur maut dekhkar woh dukh ka kaaran dhoondhne mahal chhodkar nikal pade. Peepal ke ped ke neeche saat din dhyaan ke baad unhe gyaan mila; woh ped Bodhi Tree (Tree of Wisdom) kehlaya. Pehla sermon unhone Benares mein diya.
- Kisa Gotami ka iklauta beta mar gaya. Dukh se pagal hokar woh mare bachche ko lekar ghar-ghar dawa maangti rahi. Ek aadmi ne use Buddha ke paas bheja.
- Buddha ne usse mutthi bhar sarson (mustard) ke daane laane ko kaha, par sirf aise ghar se jahan kisi ne bachcha, pati, maa-baap ya dost na khoya ho.
- Har ghar ne khushi se daane diye, par har ghar mein kisi ki maut hui thi. Use ek bhi aisa ghar nahi mila.
- Sadak kinare baithkar usne shehar ki battiyon ko timtimate aur bujhte dekha. Use samajh aaya: 'Main apne dukh mein kitni selfish hoon! Maut sabke liye hai.'
- Buddha ka updesh: insaan ki zindagi chhoti aur dukh bhari hai; jo janma hai use marna hai, jaise pake phal girne ke khatre mein rehte hain; isliye samajhdaar log duniya ke niyam jaankar shok nahi karte.
- Shanti rone se nahi, sach maankar dukh par jeet se milti hai; aisa insaan free aur blessed hota hai.
What did Kisa Gotami ask for, and what lesson did she learn in the end?What did Kisa Gotami ask for, and what lesson did she learn in the end?What did Kisa Gotami ask for, and what lesson did she learn in the end?
- Kisa Gotami's only son died. She went from house to house asking for medicine to bring him back to life.
- The Buddha asked her for a handful of mustard seed from a house where no one had ever died.
- She found that every family had lost someone; there was no house without death.
- She learned that death is common to all and that she had been selfish in her grief. She accepted the truth and found peace.
- Kisa Gotami's only son died. She went from house to house asking for medicine to bring him back to life.
- The Buddha asked her for a handful of mustard seed from a house where no one had ever died.
- She found that every family had lost someone; there was no house without death.
- She learned that death is common to all and that she had been selfish in her grief. She accepted the truth and found peace.
- Kisa Gotami's only son died. She went from house to house asking for medicine to bring him back to life.
- The Buddha asked her for a handful of mustard seed from a house where no one had ever died.
- She found that every family had lost someone; there was no house without death.
- She learned that death is common to all and that she had been selfish in her grief. She accepted the truth and found peace.
What did the Buddha say about the life of mortals? Why do the wise not grieve?What did the Buddha say about the life of mortals? Why do the wise not grieve?What did the Buddha say about the life of mortals? Why do the wise not grieve?
- The Buddha said that the life of mortals is troubled, brief and full of pain. All who are born must die, just as ripe fruits are in danger of falling and clay pots finally break.
- The wise know this law of the world, so they do not grieve. Weeping brings only more pain and harms the body; peace comes from overcoming sorrow.
- The Buddha said that the life of mortals is troubled, brief and full of pain. All who are born must die, just as ripe fruits are in danger of falling and clay pots finally break.
- The wise know this law of the world, so they do not grieve. Weeping brings only more pain and harms the body; peace comes from overcoming sorrow.
- The Buddha said that the life of mortals is troubled, brief and full of pain. All who are born must die, just as ripe fruits are in danger of falling and clay pots finally break.
- The wise know this law of the world, so they do not grieve. Weeping brings only more pain and harms the body; peace comes from overcoming sorrow.
Glimpses of India II: Coorg — Lokesh Abrolग्लिम्प्सेज़ ऑफ़ इंडिया II: कूर्ग — लोकेश अब्रोलGlimpses of India II: Coorg — Lokesh Abrol
🔥 Asked in 5 of 5 years🔥 5 में से 5 वर्ष पूछा गया🔥 Aaya hai 5/5 saal🔴 Very importantबहुत महत्वपूर्णBahut important- Writer: Lokesh Abrol. Coorg (Kodagu) is the smallest district of Karnataka, midway between Mysore and the coastal town of Mangalore — 'a piece of heaven that must have drifted from the kingdom of God'.
- Nature: rolling hills, evergreen rainforests (about thirty per cent of the district), coffee plantations and spices. Best season is September to March.
- People: the Kodavus are a proud martial race, known for hospitality and stories of valour. They may be of Greek or Arab descent: one story says part of Alexander's army settled here; their long black coat with an embroidered waist-belt, the kuppia, is like the kuffia of the Arabs and Kurds.
- Army: the Coorg Regiment is one of the most decorated in the Indian Army; General Cariappa, the first Chief of the Indian Army, was a Coorgi. Kodavus are the only people in India allowed to carry firearms without a licence.
- The river Kaveri gets its water from these hills; the mahaseer, a large freshwater fish, is found in it.
- Adventure sports: river rafting, canoeing, rappelling, rock climbing and mountain biking.
- Places: the Brahmagiri hills (view of misty Coorg), the rope bridge to the island of Nisargadhama, and Buddhist monks from India's largest Tibetan settlement at nearby Bylakuppe.
- लेखक: लोकेश अब्रोल। कूर्ग (कोडगु) कर्नाटक का सबसे छोटा ज़िला है, मैसूर और तटीय शहर मंगलौर के बीच — 'स्वर्ग का एक टुकड़ा जो ईश्वर के राज्य से बहकर आ गया हो'।
- प्रकृति: लहराती पहाड़ियाँ, सदाबहार वर्षा-वन (ज़िले का लगभग तीस प्रतिशत), कॉफ़ी बागान और मसाले। सबसे अच्छा मौसम सितंबर से मार्च।
- लोग: कोडवु एक स्वाभिमानी योद्धा जाति हैं, अतिथि-सत्कार और वीरता की कहानियों के लिए प्रसिद्ध। वे यूनानी या अरबी मूल के हो सकते हैं: एक कथा के अनुसार सिकंदर की सेना का एक भाग यहाँ बस गया; उनका कढ़ाईदार कमरबंद वाला लंबा काला कोट 'कुप्पिया' अरबों और कुर्दों के 'कुफ़िया' जैसा है।
- सेना: कूर्ग रेजिमेंट भारतीय सेना की सबसे अधिक पदक पाने वाली रेजिमेंटों में से एक है; भारतीय सेना के पहले प्रमुख जनरल करिअप्पा कूर्गी थे। कोडवु भारत के एकमात्र लोग हैं जिन्हें बिना लाइसेंस आग्नेयास्त्र रखने की अनुमति है।
- कावेरी नदी को इन्हीं पहाड़ियों से जल मिलता है; इसमें महासीर नाम की बड़ी मीठे पानी की मछली मिलती है।
- साहसिक खेल: रिवर राफ्टिंग, कैनोइंग, रैपलिंग, रॉक क्लाइंबिंग और माउंटेन बाइकिंग।
- स्थान: ब्रह्मगिरि पहाड़ियाँ (धुंध भरे कूर्ग का दृश्य), निसर्गधाम द्वीप तक रस्सी का पुल, और पास के बायलाकुप्पे से — भारत की सबसे बड़ी तिब्बती बस्ती — बौद्ध भिक्षु।
- Writer: Lokesh Abrol. Coorg (Kodagu) Karnataka ka sabse chhota district hai, Mysore aur coastal town Mangalore ke beech — 'swarg ka ek tukda jo God ke kingdom se behkar aa gaya ho'.
- Nature: lehrati pahadiyan, evergreen rainforests (district ka lagbhag tees percent), coffee plantations aur masale. Sabse achha mausam September se March.
- Log: Kodavus ek swabhimaani martial race hain, mehmaan-nawazi aur bahaduri ki kahaniyon ke liye mashhoor. Woh Greek ya Arab mool ke ho sakte hain: ek kahani ke anusaar Alexander ki sena ka ek hissa yahan bas gaya; unka embroidered waist-belt wala lamba kaala coat 'kuppia' Arabs aur Kurds ke 'kuffia' jaisa hai.
- Army: Coorg Regiment Indian Army ki sabse zyada medals paane wali regiments mein se ek hai; Indian Army ke pehle Chief General Cariappa Coorgi the. Kodavus India ke akele log hain jinhe bina licence firearms rakhne ki permission hai.
- Kaveri nadi ko inhi pahadiyon se paani milta hai; isme mahaseer naam ki badi meethe paani ki machhli milti hai.
- Adventure sports: river rafting, canoeing, rappelling, rock climbing aur mountain biking.
- Jagahein: Brahmagiri hills (dhundh bhare Coorg ka nazaara), Nisargadhama island tak rope bridge, aur paas ke Bylakuppe se — India ki sabse badi Tibetan settlement — Buddhist monks.
What is Coorg famous for? / What does the writer say about Coorg and its people?What is Coorg famous for? / What does the writer say about Coorg and its people?What is Coorg famous for? / What does the writer say about Coorg and its people?
- Coorg lies midway between Mysore and Mangalore. It is famous for its rolling hills, rainforests, coffee plantations and spices.
- Its people, the Kodavus, are a brave martial race, famous for their hospitality. They may be of Greek or Arab descent.
- The Coorg Regiment is one of the most decorated regiments of the Indian Army, and General Cariappa, the first Chief of the Indian Army, was from Coorg.
- It also offers adventure sports like river rafting and rock climbing, and places like the Brahmagiri hills and Nisargadhama.
- Coorg lies midway between Mysore and Mangalore. It is famous for its rolling hills, rainforests, coffee plantations and spices.
- Its people, the Kodavus, are a brave martial race, famous for their hospitality. They may be of Greek or Arab descent.
- The Coorg Regiment is one of the most decorated regiments of the Indian Army, and General Cariappa, the first Chief of the Indian Army, was from Coorg.
- It also offers adventure sports like river rafting and rock climbing, and places like the Brahmagiri hills and Nisargadhama.
- Coorg lies midway between Mysore and Mangalore. It is famous for its rolling hills, rainforests, coffee plantations and spices.
- Its people, the Kodavus, are a brave martial race, famous for their hospitality. They may be of Greek or Arab descent.
- The Coorg Regiment is one of the most decorated regiments of the Indian Army, and General Cariappa, the first Chief of the Indian Army, was from Coorg.
- It also offers adventure sports like river rafting and rock climbing, and places like the Brahmagiri hills and Nisargadhama.
What is the story about the Kodavu people's descent?What is the story about the Kodavu people's descent?What is the story about the Kodavu people's descent?
- The Kodavus are said to be of Greek or Arab descent.
- One story says that part of Alexander's army moved south along the coast and settled in Coorg when going back became impossible; they married local people.
- Another view: their dress, the kuppia (a long black coat with an embroidered waist-belt), is like the kuffia worn by Arabs and Kurds, which suggests Arab origin.
- The Kodavus are said to be of Greek or Arab descent.
- One story says that part of Alexander's army moved south along the coast and settled in Coorg when going back became impossible; they married local people.
- Another view: their dress, the kuppia (a long black coat with an embroidered waist-belt), is like the kuffia worn by Arabs and Kurds, which suggests Arab origin.
- The Kodavus are said to be of Greek or Arab descent.
- One story says that part of Alexander's army moved south along the coast and settled in Coorg when going back became impossible; they married local people.
- Another view: their dress, the kuppia (a long black coat with an embroidered waist-belt), is like the kuffia worn by Arabs and Kurds, which suggests Arab origin.
Glimpses of India I: A Baker from Goa — Lucio Rodriguesग्लिम्प्सेज़ ऑफ़ इंडिया I: ए बेकर फ्रॉम गोवा — लूसियो रॉड्रिग्सGlimpses of India I: A Baker from Goa — Lucio Rodrigues
🔥 Asked in 5 of 5 years🔥 5 में से 5 वर्ष पूछा गया🔥 Aaya hai 5/5 saal🔴 Very importantबहुत महत्वपूर्णBahut important- Writer: Lucio Rodrigues. Theme: the writer remembers the traditional bakers of Goa, a custom from Portuguese days that still lives on.
- Bakers in Goa are still called 'pader'. The Portuguese and their loaves are gone, but the bakers, their furnaces and the profession (passed from father to son) remain.
- In the writer's childhood the baker was a friend, companion and guide. He came twice a day, announcing himself with the 'jhang, jhang' sound of his bamboo staff, carrying a basket of loaves on his head.
- Children ran to him for bread-bangles; they did not even brush their teeth properly first.
- Dress: in Portuguese days, a single-piece long frock reaching the knees called the 'kabai'; in the writer's childhood, a shirt and trousers shorter than full length but longer than half pants.
- Bread is a must in Goan life: marriage gifts need the sweet bread called 'bol'; a party or feast needs bread; a daughter's engagement needs sandwiches; Christmas needs cakes and 'bolinhas'.
- The baker collected his bills at the end of the month; accounts were written in pencil on a wall. Baking was a profitable profession: the baker and his family never starved, and their plump (jackfruit-like) bodies showed it.
- लेखक: लूसियो रॉड्रिग्स। विषय: लेखक गोवा के पारंपरिक बेकरों को याद करता है, पुर्तगाली काल की एक परंपरा जो आज भी जीवित है।
- गोवा में बेकर आज भी 'pader' कहलाते हैं। पुर्तगाली और उनकी डबल-रोटियाँ चली गईं, पर बेकर, उनकी भट्टियाँ और यह पेशा (पिता से पुत्र को) बचे हैं।
- लेखक के बचपन में बेकर मित्र, साथी और मार्गदर्शक था। वह दिन में दो बार आता था, अपनी बाँस की लाठी की 'झंग, झंग' आवाज़ से आने की सूचना देता, सिर पर डबल-रोटियों की टोकरी लिए।
- बच्चे ब्रेड-बैंगल्स के लिए उसके पास दौड़ते थे; पहले ठीक से दाँत भी साफ़ नहीं करते थे।
- पोशाक: पुर्तगाली काल में घुटनों तक लंबा एक-पीस फ्रॉक जिसे 'kabai' कहते थे; लेखक के बचपन में कमीज़ और ऐसी पतलून जो पूरी से छोटी पर हाफ़ पैंट से लंबी थी।
- गोवा के जीवन में रोटी ज़रूरी है: विवाह के उपहार में मीठी रोटी 'bol'; पार्टी या भोज में ब्रेड; बेटी की सगाई में सैंडविच; क्रिसमस में केक और 'bolinhas'।
- बेकर महीने के अंत में बिल वसूलता था; हिसाब दीवार पर पेंसिल से लिखा जाता था। बेकरी लाभ का धंधा था: बेकर और उसका परिवार कभी भूखा नहीं रहा, और उनके मोटे-ताज़े (कटहल जैसे) शरीर इसका प्रमाण थे।
- Writer: Lucio Rodrigues. Theme: writer Goa ke traditional bakers ko yaad karta hai, Portuguese zamane ki ek parampara jo aaj bhi zinda hai.
- Goa mein bakers aaj bhi 'pader' kehlate hain. Portuguese aur unki loaves chali gayin, par bakers, unki bhattiyan aur yeh pesha (baap se bete ko) bache hain.
- Writer ke bachpan mein baker dost, saathi aur guide tha. Woh din mein do baar aata tha, apni bamboo ki lathi ki 'jhang, jhang' awaaz se aane ki khabar deta, sir par loaves ki tokri liye.
- Bachche bread-bangles ke liye uske paas daudte the; pehle theek se daant bhi saaf nahi karte the.
- Dress: Portuguese zamane mein ghutno tak lamba single-piece frock jise 'kabai' kehte the; writer ke bachpan mein shirt aur aisi trousers jo full se chhoti par half pant se lambi thi.
- Goa ki life mein bread zaroori hai: shaadi ke gifts mein meethi bread 'bol'; party ya feast mein bread; beti ki engagement mein sandwiches; Christmas mein cakes aur 'bolinhas'.
- Baker mahine ke end mein bill leta tha; hisaab deewar par pencil se likha jaata tha. Baking faayde ka dhandha tha: baker aur uski family kabhi bhookhi nahi rahi, aur unke mote-taaze (kathal jaise) shareer iska saboot the.
How do you know that bread is an important part of Goan life?How do you know that bread is an important part of Goan life?How do you know that bread is an important part of Goan life?
- Marriage gifts are meaningless without the sweet bread called 'bol'.
- No party or feast is complete without bread, and the lady of the house prepares sandwiches for her daughter's engagement.
- Cakes and 'bolinhas' are a must for Christmas.
- The baker's daily visits and the monthly bill show that bread is part of every home, every day.
- Marriage gifts are meaningless without the sweet bread called 'bol'.
- No party or feast is complete without bread, and the lady of the house prepares sandwiches for her daughter's engagement.
- Cakes and 'bolinhas' are a must for Christmas.
- The baker's daily visits and the monthly bill show that bread is part of every home, every day.
- Marriage gifts are meaningless without the sweet bread called 'bol'.
- No party or feast is complete without bread, and the lady of the house prepares sandwiches for her daughter's engagement.
- Cakes and 'bolinhas' are a must for Christmas.
- The baker's daily visits and the monthly bill show that bread is part of every home, every day.
What do the words 'pader' and 'kabai' stand for?What do the words 'pader' and 'kabai' stand for?What do the words 'pader' and 'kabai' stand for?
- 'Pader' is the name by which the traditional bakers of Goa are still known.
- 'Kabai' was the special dress of bakers in Portuguese days: a single-piece long frock reaching down to the knees.
- 'Pader' is the name by which the traditional bakers of Goa are still known.
- 'Kabai' was the special dress of bakers in Portuguese days: a single-piece long frock reaching down to the knees.
- 'Pader' is the name by which the traditional bakers of Goa are still known.
- 'Kabai' was the special dress of bakers in Portuguese days: a single-piece long frock reaching down to the knees.
Two Stories about Flying I: His First Flight — Liam O'Flahertyटू स्टोरीज़ अबाउट फ्लाइंग I: हिज़ फर्स्ट फ्लाइट — लियाम ओ'फ्लेहर्टीTwo Stories about Flying I: His First Flight — Liam O'Flaherty
Asked in 3 of 5 years5 में से 3 वर्ष पूछा गयाAaya hai 3/5 saal- Writer: Liam O'Flaherty. Theme: fear holds us back; self-confidence (and sometimes need) makes us take the first step.
- A young seagull sat alone on a ledge. His two brothers and his sister had flown away the day before, but he was afraid his wings would not support him.
- His parents scolded him and threatened to let him starve. No one brought him food all day, and he became very hungry.
- His mother stood opposite with a piece of fish in her beak but stopped just short of him. Maddened by hunger, he dived at the fish.
- He fell outwards and downwards, screamed with fear, then his wings spread out and he began to fly. His family flew around him and praised him.
- Finally he landed on the green sea; it supported him, and his family offered him fish. The lesson: hunger and his mother's trick helped him beat his fear.
- लेखक: लियाम ओ'फ्लेहर्टी। विषय: डर हमें रोकता है; आत्मविश्वास (और कभी ज़रूरत) पहला कदम उठवाती है।
- एक नन्हा सीगल अपनी चट्टान की कगार पर अकेला बैठा था। उसके दो भाई और बहन एक दिन पहले उड़ चुके थे, पर उसे डर था कि उसके पंख उसे नहीं सँभाल पाएँगे।
- माता-पिता ने उसे डाँटा और भूखा छोड़ देने की धमकी दी। पूरे दिन किसी ने उसे खाना नहीं दिया, और वह बहुत भूखा हो गया।
- माँ सामने मछली का टुकड़ा चोंच में लिए खड़ी हुई पर उसके ठीक पास आकर रुक गई। भूख से पागल होकर वह मछली पर झपटा।
- वह बाहर और नीचे गिरा, डर से चीखा, फिर उसके पंख फैल गए और वह उड़ने लगा। परिवार उसके चारों ओर उड़ा और उसकी प्रशंसा की।
- अंत में वह हरे समुद्र पर उतरा; पानी ने उसे सँभाल लिया, और परिवार ने उसे मछली दी। सीख: भूख और माँ की चाल ने उसका डर दूर कर दिया।
- Writer: Liam O'Flaherty. Theme: dar humein rokta hai; self-confidence (aur kabhi zaroorat) pehla kadam uthwati hai.
- Ek young seagull apni ledge par akela baitha tha. Uske do bhai aur behen ek din pehle ud chuke the, par use dar tha ki uske pankh use sambhal nahi paayenge.
- Maa-baap ne use daanta aur bhookha chhod dene ki dhamki di. Poore din kisi ne use khana nahi diya, aur woh bahut bhookha ho gaya.
- Maa saamne machhli ka tukda chonch mein liye khadi hui par uske theek paas aakar ruk gayi. Bhookh se pagal hokar woh machhli par jhapta.
- Woh bahar aur neeche gira, dar se cheekha, phir uske pankh phail gaye aur woh udne laga. Family uske charon taraf udi aur uski tareef ki.
- Aakhir mein woh hare samundar par utra; paani ne use sambhal liya, aur family ne use machhli di. Seekh: bhookh aur maa ki chaal ne uska dar door kar diya.
Why was the young seagull afraid to fly? How did he finally fly?Why was the young seagull afraid to fly? How did he finally fly?Why was the young seagull afraid to fly? How did he finally fly?
- He was afraid because he did not believe his wings would support him over the great expanse of the sea.
- His family left him alone without food. When his mother came near with a piece of fish but stopped short, hunger made him dive at it.
- He fell, but his wings spread out on their own and he flew. His fear was gone.
- He was afraid because he did not believe his wings would support him over the great expanse of the sea.
- His family left him alone without food. When his mother came near with a piece of fish but stopped short, hunger made him dive at it.
- He fell, but his wings spread out on their own and he flew. His fear was gone.
- He was afraid because he did not believe his wings would support him over the great expanse of the sea.
- His family left him alone without food. When his mother came near with a piece of fish but stopped short, hunger made him dive at it.
- He fell, but his wings spread out on their own and he flew. His fear was gone.
Mijbil the Otter — Gavin Maxwellमिजबिल द ऑटर — गेविन मैक्सवेलMijbil the Otter — Gavin Maxwell
Asked in 3 of 5 years5 में से 3 वर्ष पूछा गयाAaya hai 3/5 saal- Writer: Gavin Maxwell. After his dog Jonnie died, he decided to keep an otter as a pet.
- Early in 1956 he went to Basra (Iraq) with a friend, to the Consulate-General, to collect and answer their mail from Europe. Otters were common in the marshes there.
- Two Arabs brought him a baby otter in a sack, sent by his friend. He named it Mijbil (Mij). It belonged to a race unknown to science and was named 'Maxwell's otter'.
- Mij loved water: he played and splashed wildly in the bathtub, and learned to open the tap himself.
- The British airline to London would not fly animals, so Maxwell flew via Paris. Mij was put in a box; he tore its lining and hurt himself, and blood was seen. Maxwell opened the box, Mij escaped in the cabin, and an air hostess helped.
- In London Mij played for hours with ping-pong balls, marbles and a rubber ball. People in the street often failed to guess what kind of animal he was.
- Theme: the love and responsibility between a pet and its owner.
- लेखक: गेविन मैक्सवेल। अपने कुत्ते जॉनी की मृत्यु के बाद उन्होंने एक ऊदबिलाव (otter) पालने का निश्चय किया।
- 1956 के आरंभ में वे एक मित्र के साथ बसरा (इराक़) गए, Consulate-General में यूरोप से आई डाक लेने और उत्तर देने। वहाँ के दलदलों में ऊदबिलाव आम थे।
- दो अरब एक थैले में एक नन्हा ऊदबिलाव लाए, जिसे उनके मित्र ने भेजा था। उन्होंने उसका नाम मिजबिल (मिज) रखा। वह विज्ञान के लिए अज्ञात नस्ल का था और उसका नाम 'Maxwell's otter' पड़ा।
- मिज को पानी बहुत प्रिय था: वह बाथटब में खूब खेलता और छपछप करता, और ख़ुद नल खोलना सीख गया।
- ब्रिटिश एयरलाइन जानवर नहीं ले जाती थी, इसलिए मैक्सवेल पेरिस होकर गए। मिज को एक डिब्बे में रखा गया; उसने उसकी परत फाड़ दी और ख़ुद को घायल कर लिया, ख़ून दिखा। मैक्सवेल ने डिब्बा खोला, मिज केबिन में भाग गया, और एक एयर होस्टेस ने मदद की।
- लंदन में मिज घंटों पिंग-पॉन्ग गेंदों, कंचों और रबर की गेंद से खेलता। सड़क पर लोग प्रायः अनुमान नहीं लगा पाते थे कि वह कौन-सा जानवर है।
- विषय: पालतू जानवर और मालिक के बीच प्रेम और ज़िम्मेदारी।
- Writer: Gavin Maxwell. Apne kutte Jonnie ki maut ke baad unhone ek otter paalne ka faisla kiya.
- 1956 ki shuruaat mein woh ek dost ke saath Basra (Iraq) gaye, Consulate-General mein Europe se aayi mail lene aur jawab dene. Wahan ke daldalon mein otters aam the.
- Do Arab ek bore (sack) mein ek chhota otter laaye, jise unke dost ne bheja tha. Unhone uska naam Mijbil (Mij) rakha. Woh science ke liye anjaan nasl ka tha aur uska naam 'Maxwell's otter' pada.
- Mij ko paani bahut pasand tha: woh bathtub mein khoob khelta aur chhapchhap karta, aur khud tap kholna seekh gaya.
- British airline jaanwar nahi le jaati thi, isliye Maxwell Paris hokar gaye. Mij ko ek box mein rakha gaya; usne uski lining phaad di aur khud ko ghayal kar liya, khoon dikha. Maxwell ne box khola, Mij cabin mein bhaag gaya, aur ek air hostess ne madad ki.
- London mein Mij ghanton ping-pong balls, kanchon aur rubber ball se khelta. Sadak par log aksar guess nahi kar paate the ki woh kaun sa jaanwar hai.
- Theme: pet aur maalik ke beech pyaar aur zimmedari.
For what purpose were the writer and his friend going to Basra? How did Maxwell get Mijbil?For what purpose were the writer and his friend going to Basra? How did Maxwell get Mijbil?For what purpose were the writer and his friend going to Basra? How did Maxwell get Mijbil?
- They were going to the Consulate-General at Basra to collect and answer their mail from Europe.
- While Maxwell was there, his friend sent him a baby otter. Two Arabs brought it in a sack. Maxwell named it Mijbil.
- They were going to the Consulate-General at Basra to collect and answer their mail from Europe.
- While Maxwell was there, his friend sent him a baby otter. Two Arabs brought it in a sack. Maxwell named it Mijbil.
- They were going to the Consulate-General at Basra to collect and answer their mail from Europe.
- While Maxwell was there, his friend sent him a baby otter. Two Arabs brought it in a sack. Maxwell named it Mijbil.
Glimpses of India III: Tea from Assam — Arup Kumar Dattaग्लिम्प्सेज़ ऑफ़ इंडिया III: टी फ्रॉम असम — अरूप कुमार दत्ताGlimpses of India III: Tea from Assam — Arup Kumar Datta
Asked in 2 of 5 years5 में से 2 वर्ष पूछा गयाAaya hai 2/5 saal- Writer: Arup Kumar Datta. Rajvir and his school friend Pranjol travel by train to Assam; Pranjol's father manages the Dhekiabari tea garden.
- Assam has the largest concentration of tea plantations in the world. Over eighty crore cups of tea are drunk every day across the world.
- On the way Rajvir saw a sea of tea bushes, tall shade trees, and groups of tea pluckers with bamboo baskets on their backs.
- Chinese legend: an emperor always boiled water before drinking it; a few leaves from burning twigs fell into the pot and gave it a lovely flavour — tea.
- Indian legend: Bodhidharma, an ancient Buddhist monk, cut off his eyelids because he felt sleepy during meditation; ten tea plants grew from them, and their leaves in hot water drove away sleep.
- Tea was first drunk in China around 2700 B.C.; the words tea, 'chai' and 'chini' come from Chinese. Tea reached Europe only in the sixteenth century, first as a medicine.
- The 'second flush' (sprouting period), from May to July, gives the best tea.
- लेखक: अरूप कुमार दत्ता। राजवीर अपने स्कूल-मित्र प्रांजल के साथ ट्रेन से असम जाता है; प्रांजल के पिता ढेकियाबारी चाय-बागान के मैनेजर हैं।
- असम में संसार में चाय बागानों की सबसे अधिक सघनता है। दुनिया भर में रोज़ अस्सी करोड़ से अधिक प्याले चाय पी जाती है।
- रास्ते में राजवीर ने चाय की झाड़ियों का समुद्र, ऊँचे छायादार पेड़, और पीठ पर बाँस की टोकरियाँ लिए चाय तोड़ने वालों के समूह देखे।
- चीनी कथा: एक सम्राट पानी हमेशा उबालकर पीता था; जलती टहनियों की कुछ पत्तियाँ बर्तन में गिर गईं और पानी को अच्छा स्वाद दे गईं — चाय।
- भारतीय कथा: प्राचीन बौद्ध भिक्षु बोधिधर्म ने ध्यान में नींद आने पर अपनी पलकें काट दीं; उनसे दस चाय के पौधे उगे, जिनकी पत्तियाँ गर्म पानी में डालकर पीने से नींद भाग जाती थी।
- चाय सबसे पहले चीन में लगभग 2700 ई.पू. पी गई; tea, 'chai' और 'chini' शब्द चीनी भाषा से आए। यूरोप में चाय सोलहवीं शताब्दी में पहुँची, पहले दवा के रूप में।
- 'Second flush' (अंकुरण काल), मई से जुलाई, सबसे अच्छी चाय देता है।
- Writer: Arup Kumar Datta. Rajvir apne school-dost Pranjol ke saath train se Assam jaata hai; Pranjol ke father Dhekiabari tea garden ke manager hain.
- Assam mein duniya mein tea plantations ki sabse zyada concentration hai. Duniya bhar mein roz assi crore se zyada cup chai pi jaati hai.
- Raaste mein Rajvir ne chai ki jhaadiyon ka samundar, oonche shade trees, aur peeth par bamboo ki tokriyan liye tea pluckers ke groups dekhe.
- Chinese legend: ek emperor paani hamesha ubaalkar peeta tha; jalti tehniyon ki kuch pattiyan bartan mein gir gayin aur paani ko achha swaad de gayin — chai.
- Indian legend: purane Buddhist monk Bodhidharma ne dhyaan mein neend aane par apni palkein kaat di; unse das chai ke paudhe uge, jinki pattiyan garam paani mein daalkar peene se neend bhaag jaati thi.
- Chai sabse pehle China mein lagbhag 2700 B.C. pi gayi; tea, 'chai' aur 'chini' words Chinese se aaye. Europe mein chai solahvi sadi mein pahunchi, pehle dawa ki tarah.
- 'Second flush' (sprouting period), May se July, sabse achhi chai deta hai.
What did Rajvir see during his car journey to Dhekiabari? What are the two legends about tea?What did Rajvir see during his car journey to Dhekiabari? What are the two legends about tea?What did Rajvir see during his car journey to Dhekiabari? What are the two legends about tea?
- On the way Rajvir saw acres of tea bushes, neatly pruned, with tall shade trees, and groups of tea pluckers with bamboo baskets on their backs.
- Chinese legend: leaves from burning twigs fell into an emperor's boiling water and gave it a fine flavour.
- Indian legend: Bodhidharma cut off his eyelids to stop feeling sleepy while meditating; tea plants grew from them, and their leaves in hot water banished sleep.
- On the way Rajvir saw acres of tea bushes, neatly pruned, with tall shade trees, and groups of tea pluckers with bamboo baskets on their backs.
- Chinese legend: leaves from burning twigs fell into an emperor's boiling water and gave it a fine flavour.
- Indian legend: Bodhidharma cut off his eyelids to stop feeling sleepy while meditating; tea plants grew from them, and their leaves in hot water banished sleep.
- On the way Rajvir saw acres of tea bushes, neatly pruned, with tall shade trees, and groups of tea pluckers with bamboo baskets on their backs.
- Chinese legend: leaves from burning twigs fell into an emperor's boiling water and gave it a fine flavour.
- Indian legend: Bodhidharma cut off his eyelids to stop feeling sleepy while meditating; tea plants grew from them, and their leaves in hot water banished sleep.
The Proposal — Anton Chekhovद प्रपोज़ल — एंटन चेखवThe Proposal — Anton Chekhov
Asked in 2 of 5 years5 में से 2 वर्ष पूछा गयाAaya hai 2/5 saal- A one-act play, a farce (comedy), by the Russian writer Anton Chekhov.
- Characters: Stepan Stepanovitch Chubukov (a landowner), his 25-year-old daughter Natalya Stepanovna, and their neighbour Ivan Vassilevitch Lomov (a nervous, suspicious landowner who suffers from palpitations).
- Lomov comes to propose marriage to Natalya. Before he can propose, they quarrel over who owns the Oxen Meadows.
- Chubukov joins the quarrel and insults Lomov; Lomov leaves. When Natalya learns he had come to propose, she wants him back at once.
- Lomov returns, and they quarrel again, this time about whose dog is better: Lomov's Guess or Natalya's Squeezer.
- Lomov faints; Chubukov quickly joins their hands and they become engaged, but they go on quarrelling. Theme: marriage among rich families for property and comfort, not love; people quarrelling over small things.
- रूसी लेखक एंटन चेखव का एकांकी, एक प्रहसन (हास्य नाटक)।
- पात्र: स्टीफ़न स्टेपानोविच चुबुकोव (एक ज़मींदार), उसकी 25 वर्षीय बेटी नतालिया स्टेपानोव्ना, और उनका पड़ोसी इवान वासिलेविच लोमोव (एक घबराने वाला, शक्की ज़मींदार जिसे दिल की धड़कन की शिकायत है)।
- लोमोव नतालिया से विवाह का प्रस्ताव रखने आता है। प्रस्ताव से पहले ही दोनों Oxen Meadows (चरागाह) के मालिकाना हक़ पर झगड़ पड़ते हैं।
- चुबुकोव भी झगड़े में शामिल होकर लोमोव का अपमान करता है; लोमोव चला जाता है। जब नतालिया को पता चलता है कि वह प्रस्ताव लेकर आया था, वह उसे तुरंत वापस बुलवाती है।
- लोमोव लौटता है, और वे फिर झगड़ते हैं, इस बार इस पर कि किसका कुत्ता बेहतर है: लोमोव का Guess या नतालिया का Squeezer।
- लोमोव बेहोश हो जाता है; चुबुकोव जल्दी से दोनों के हाथ मिला देता है और सगाई हो जाती है, पर झगड़ा चलता रहता है। विषय: अमीर परिवारों में प्रेम नहीं, संपत्ति और सुविधा के लिए विवाह; छोटी बातों पर झगड़ना।
- Russian writer Anton Chekhov ka one-act play, ek farce (comedy).
- Characters: Stepan Stepanovitch Chubukov (ek zameendar), uski 25 saal ki beti Natalya Stepanovna, aur unka padosi Ivan Vassilevitch Lomov (ek ghabrane wala, shakki zameendar jise palpitations ki shikayat hai).
- Lomov Natalya se shaadi ka proposal dene aata hai. Proposal se pehle hi dono Oxen Meadows ke maalikana haq par jhagad padte hain.
- Chubukov bhi jhagde mein shaamil hokar Lomov ki insult karta hai; Lomov chala jaata hai. Jab Natalya ko pata chalta hai ki woh proposal lekar aaya tha, woh use turant wapas bulwati hai.
- Lomov lautta hai, aur woh phir jhagadte hain, is baar is par ki kiska kutta behtar hai: Lomov ka Guess ya Natalya ka Squeezer.
- Lomov behosh ho jaata hai; Chubukov jaldi se dono ke haath mila deta hai aur engagement ho jaati hai, par jhagda chalta rehta hai. Theme: ameer families mein pyaar nahi, property aur comfort ke liye shaadi; chhoti baaton par jhagadna.
What are the two things Lomov and Natalya quarrel about?What are the two things Lomov and Natalya quarrel about?What are the two things Lomov and Natalya quarrel about?
- First they quarrel about the ownership of the Oxen Meadows, which lie between their estates; each claims the land.
- Later they quarrel about their dogs: Lomov says his dog Guess is better, and Natalya says her dog Squeezer is better.
- Even after they are engaged, they keep quarrelling, which makes the play funny.
- First they quarrel about the ownership of the Oxen Meadows, which lie between their estates; each claims the land.
- Later they quarrel about their dogs: Lomov says his dog Guess is better, and Natalya says her dog Squeezer is better.
- Even after they are engaged, they keep quarrelling, which makes the play funny.
- First they quarrel about the ownership of the Oxen Meadows, which lie between their estates; each claims the land.
- Later they quarrel about their dogs: Lomov says his dog Guess is better, and Natalya says her dog Squeezer is better.
- Even after they are engaged, they keep quarrelling, which makes the play funny.
Two Stories about Flying II: The Black Aeroplane — Frederick Forsythटू स्टोरीज़ अबाउट फ्लाइंग II: द ब्लैक एरोप्लेन — फ्रेडरिक फोर्सिथTwo Stories about Flying II: The Black Aeroplane — Frederick Forsyth
Asked in 1 of 5 years5 में से 1 वर्ष पूछा गयाAaya hai 1/5 saal- Writer: Frederick Forsyth. A pilot was flying his old Dakota aeroplane from France back to England at night, dreaming of his holiday and breakfast.
- He flew into huge black storm clouds. His compass and other instruments stopped working, and his radio was dead. He was lost and running short of fuel (he had switched to his last tank).
- A strange black aeroplane with no lights appeared and signalled him to follow. The pilot obeyed and was guided out of the clouds to a runway, where he landed safely.
- When he asked the woman in the control tower who the other pilot was, she said no other aeroplane was flying that night; his was the only one on the radar.
- The mystery of who helped him is never solved. Theme: help in danger can come from an unknown source; trust and courage in a crisis.
- लेखक: फ्रेडरिक फोर्सिथ। एक पायलट रात में अपना पुराना डकोटा विमान फ्रांस से इंग्लैंड वापस ले जा रहा था, छुट्टी और नाश्ते के सपने देखते हुए।
- वह विशाल काले तूफ़ानी बादलों में घुस गया। उसका कम्पास और अन्य यंत्र काम करना बंद कर गए, और रेडियो भी बंद हो गया। वह रास्ता भटक गया और ईंधन कम था (वह आख़िरी टंकी पर था)।
- बिना बत्तियों वाला एक अजीब काला विमान आया और उसे पीछे आने का संकेत दिया। पायलट ने बात मानी और बादलों से बाहर एक रनवे तक पहुँचकर सुरक्षित उतर गया।
- कंट्रोल टॉवर की महिला से दूसरे पायलट के बारे में पूछने पर उसने कहा कि उस रात कोई दूसरा विमान नहीं उड़ रहा था; रडार पर केवल उसी का विमान था।
- मदद किसने की, यह रहस्य कभी नहीं सुलझता। विषय: संकट में मदद अनजान स्रोत से आ सकती है; संकट में विश्वास और साहस।
- Writer: Frederick Forsyth. Ek pilot raat mein apna purana Dakota aeroplane France se England wapas le ja raha tha, chhutti aur breakfast ke sapne dekhte hue.
- Woh bade kaale toofani baadalon mein ghus gaya. Uska compass aur baaki instruments band ho gaye, aur radio bhi band ho gaya. Woh raasta bhatak gaya aur fuel kam tha (woh aakhri tank par tha).
- Bina lights wala ek ajeeb kaala aeroplane aaya aur use peeche aane ka ishara kiya. Pilot ne baat maani aur baadalon se bahar ek runway tak pahunchkar safe utar gaya.
- Control tower ki mahila se doosre pilot ke baare mein poochhne par usne kaha ki us raat koi doosra aeroplane nahi ud raha tha; radar par sirf usi ka aeroplane tha.
- Madad kisne ki, yeh raaz kabhi nahi sulajhta. Theme: musibat mein madad anjaan jagah se aa sakti hai; crisis mein vishwas aur himmat.
Why was the narrator surprised when he talked to the woman in the control tower?Why was the narrator surprised when he talked to the woman in the control tower?Why was the narrator surprised when he talked to the woman in the control tower?
- The narrator wanted to thank the pilot of the black aeroplane who had guided him through the storm.
- But the woman said no other aeroplane was flying that night; his was the only one she could see on the radar.
- So he never found out who had helped him, and the black aeroplane remained a mystery.
- The narrator wanted to thank the pilot of the black aeroplane who had guided him through the storm.
- But the woman said no other aeroplane was flying that night; his was the only one she could see on the radar.
- So he never found out who had helped him, and the black aeroplane remained a mystery.
- The narrator wanted to thank the pilot of the black aeroplane who had guided him through the storm.
- But the woman said no other aeroplane was flying that night; his was the only one she could see on the radar.
- So he never found out who had helped him, and the black aeroplane remained a mystery.
Full derivations, tricky questions, common mistakes and quick revision.पूरी व्युत्पत्तियाँ, कठिन प्रश्न, आम गलतियाँ और त्वरित पुनरावृत्ति।Poori derivations, tricky sawaal, aam galtiyan aur quick revision.
Who showed greater faith in God — Lencho or the postmaster? What is the irony in the story?Who showed greater faith in God — Lencho or the postmaster? What is the irony in the story?Who showed greater faith in God — Lencho or the postmaster? What is the irony in the story?
- Lencho had blind, complete faith: he never doubted that God would send the money.
- The postmaster showed faith through action: he helped so that a simple man's faith would not be broken.
- Irony: Lencho calls the post office employees 'a bunch of crooks', though they are the very people who gave him money out of their own pockets.
- Lencho had blind, complete faith: he never doubted that God would send the money.
- The postmaster showed faith through action: he helped so that a simple man's faith would not be broken.
- Irony: Lencho calls the post office employees 'a bunch of crooks', though they are the very people who gave him money out of their own pockets.
- Lencho had blind, complete faith: he never doubted that God would send the money.
- The postmaster showed faith through action: he helped so that a simple man's faith would not be broken.
- Irony: Lencho calls the post office employees 'a bunch of crooks', though they are the very people who gave him money out of their own pockets.
Valli is called 'Madam' by the conductor. Is the title right for her? Give reasons.Valli is called 'Madam' by the conductor. Is the title right for her? Give reasons.Valli is called 'Madam' by the conductor. Is the title right for her? Give reasons.
- The conductor said it in fun, but it suits her.
- She planned her trip like a grown-up, saved her own money, paid her own fare and did not let anyone treat her like a child.
- She was dignified and self-respecting, so 'Madam' fits her well.
- The conductor said it in fun, but it suits her.
- She planned her trip like a grown-up, saved her own money, paid her own fare and did not let anyone treat her like a child.
- She was dignified and self-respecting, so 'Madam' fits her well.
- The conductor said it in fun, but it suits her.
- She planned her trip like a grown-up, saved her own money, paid her own fare and did not let anyone treat her like a child.
- She was dignified and self-respecting, so 'Madam' fits her well.
'Courage is not the absence of fear but the triumph over it.' Explain with reference to Mandela.'Courage is not the absence of fear but the triumph over it.' Explain with reference to Mandela.'Courage is not the absence of fear but the triumph over it.' Explain with reference to Mandela.
- Mandela says he often felt fear, but he hid it and went on with his struggle.
- He saw his comrades risk their lives for freedom; this taught him that a brave man is the one who conquers fear, not one who never feels it.
- So courage means acting rightly even when one is afraid.
- Mandela says he often felt fear, but he hid it and went on with his struggle.
- He saw his comrades risk their lives for freedom; this taught him that a brave man is the one who conquers fear, not one who never feels it.
- So courage means acting rightly even when one is afraid.
- Mandela says he often felt fear, but he hid it and went on with his struggle.
- He saw his comrades risk their lives for freedom; this taught him that a brave man is the one who conquers fear, not one who never feels it.
- So courage means acting rightly even when one is afraid.
⚠️ Common mistakesआम गलतियाँAam galtiyan
- Mixing up writers: His First Flight is by Liam O'Flaherty, The Black Aeroplane by Frederick Forsyth.
- Writing Lencho got 100 pesos → he got 70.
- Writing the fare as 60 paise → 30 paise each way; she saved 60.
- Saying Kisa Gotami's husband died → it was her only son.
- Copying sentences from guides → write in your own words, in points.
- लेखकों में गड़बड़: His First Flight लियाम ओ'फ्लेहर्टी का, The Black Aeroplane फ्रेडरिक फोर्सिथ का।
- लिखना कि लेंचो को 100 पेसो मिले → उसे 70 मिले।
- किराया 60 पैसे लिखना → एक तरफ़ 30 पैसे; उसने 60 बचाए।
- लिखना कि किसा गोतमी का पति मरा → उसका इकलौता पुत्र मरा था।
- गाइड से वाक्य उतारना → अपने शब्दों में, बिंदुओं में लिखें।
- Writers mein gadbad: His First Flight Liam O'Flaherty ka, The Black Aeroplane Frederick Forsyth ka.
- Likhna ki Lencho ko 100 pesos mile → use 70 mile.
- Kiraya 60 paise likhna → ek taraf 30 paise; usne 60 bachaye.
- Likhna ki Kisa Gotami ka pati mara → uska iklauta beta mara tha.
- Guide se sentences copy karna → apne words mein, points mein likhiye.
💎 Rarely asked but importantकम पूछा गया पर ज़रूरीKam aaya par zaroori
- Lessons asked less often (Tea from Assam, Mijbil, The Proposal, The Black Aeroplane) still give MCQs; learn their writer and main characters.
- Some papers ask a character sketch (Lencho, Valli, Anne). Use: name → 3 qualities with one example each → one-line conclusion.
- कम पूछे जाने वाले पाठ (Tea from Assam, Mijbil, The Proposal, The Black Aeroplane) से भी MCQ आते हैं; उनके लेखक और मुख्य पात्र याद करें।
- कुछ पेपरों में चरित्र-चित्रण (लेंचो, वल्ली, ऐन) पूछा जाता है। तरीका: नाम → 3 गुण, हर एक का एक उदाहरण → एक पंक्ति निष्कर्ष।
- Kam poochhe jaane wale lessons (Tea from Assam, Mijbil, The Proposal, The Black Aeroplane) se bhi MCQ aate hain; unke writer aur main characters yaad kijiye.
- Kuch papers mein character sketch (Lencho, Valli, Anne) poochha jaata hai. Tareeka: naam → 3 qualities, har ek ka ek example → ek line conclusion.
⚡ Quick revisionत्वरित पुनरावृत्तिQuick revision
- Lencho: hailstorm, faith, 100 → 70 pesos, 'bunch of crooks'.
- Mandela: 10 May 1994, Pretoria, twin obligations, oppressor = prisoner of hatred.
- Seagull: afraid, hunger, mother with fish, first flight.
- Black Aeroplane: Dakota, storm, no instruments, mystery plane, no other aircraft on radar.
- Anne: Kitty, Mr Keesing, three punishments, poem with Sanne.
- Goa: pader, kabai, bol; Coorg: Kodavus, Cariappa, Kaveri; Assam: Bodhidharma, 2700 B.C.
- Mijbil: Basra, Maxwell's otter, Paris flight, box.
- Valli: 6 miles, 30 paise, dead cow.
- Buddha: Kisa Gotami, mustard seed, death is common to all.
- Proposal: Oxen Meadows, Guess vs Squeezer, farce.
- लेंचो: ओलावृष्टि, आस्था, 100 → 70 पेसो, 'bunch of crooks'।
- मंडेला: 10 मई 1994, प्रिटोरिया, दोहरे दायित्व, अत्याचारी = घृणा का कैदी।
- सीगल: डर, भूख, मछली लिए माँ, पहली उड़ान।
- ब्लैक एरोप्लेन: डकोटा, तूफ़ान, यंत्र बंद, रहस्यमय विमान, रडार पर कोई दूसरा विमान नहीं।
- ऐन: Kitty, मि. कीसिंग, तीन सज़ाएँ, सान्ने के साथ कविता।
- गोवा: pader, kabai, bol; कूर्ग: कोडवु, करिअप्पा, कावेरी; असम: बोधिधर्म, 2700 ई.पू.।
- मिजबिल: बसरा, Maxwell's otter, पेरिस होकर उड़ान, डिब्बा।
- वल्ली: 6 मील, 30 पैसे, मरी बछिया।
- बुद्ध: किसा गोतमी, सरसों के दाने, मृत्यु सबके लिए।
- प्रपोज़ल: Oxen Meadows, Guess बनाम Squeezer, प्रहसन।
- Lencho: hailstorm, faith, 100 → 70 pesos, 'bunch of crooks'.
- Mandela: 10 May 1994, Pretoria, twin obligations, oppressor = prisoner of hatred.
- Seagull: dar, bhookh, machhli liye maa, pehli udaan.
- Black Aeroplane: Dakota, toofan, instruments band, mystery plane, radar par koi doosra plane nahi.
- Anne: Kitty, Mr Keesing, teen sazaayein, Sanne ke saath poem.
- Goa: pader, kabai, bol; Coorg: Kodavus, Cariappa, Kaveri; Assam: Bodhidharma, 2700 B.C.
- Mijbil: Basra, Maxwell's otter, Paris hokar flight, box.
- Valli: 6 miles, 30 paise, mari bachhiya.
- Buddha: Kisa Gotami, mustard seed, maut sabke liye.
- Proposal: Oxen Meadows, Guess vs Squeezer, farce.
Notes written by Simple Learning Hub from the current NCERT syllabus. Year counts come only from UP Board papers we actually read.नोट्स Simple Learning Hub ने वर्तमान NCERT पाठ्यक्रम से लिखे हैं। वर्षों की गिनती केवल उन यूपी बोर्ड पेपरों से है जो हमने सच में पढ़े।Notes Simple Learning Hub ne current NCERT syllabus se likhe hain. Saalon ki ginti sirf un UP Board papers se hai jo humne sach mein padhe.