Reading: Unseen Passageअपठित गद्यांश (Reading)Reading: Unseen Passage
Class 12 English · Section 1 · UP Boardकक्षा 12 अंग्रेज़ी · खण्ड 1 · यूपी बोर्डClass 12 English · Section 1 · UP Board
Built by analysing many years of real UP Board papers, and updated after every board exam. Beginner or topper, it is for everyone.कई वर्षों के असली यूपी बोर्ड पेपरों के विश्लेषण से बना, हर बोर्ड परीक्षा के बाद अपडेट। शुरुआत करने वाले हों या टॉपर, सबके लिए।Kai saalon ke asli UP Board papers ko analyse karke bana, har board exam ke baad update. Beginner ho ya topper, sabke liye.
📊 Based on 5 years (2022–2026) of UP Board papers, current syllabus: 35 sets readवर्तमान सिलेबस के 5 वर्षों (2022–2026) के यूपी बोर्ड पेपरों पर आधारित: 35 सेट पढ़े गएCurrent syllabus ke 5 saal (2022–2026) ke UP Board papers par based: 35 sets padhe · plus 14 old-syllabus papers (2017–2020), counted separatelyसाथ में पुराने सिलेबस के 14 पेपर (2017–2020) अलग से गिने गएpurane syllabus ke 14 papers (2017–2020) alag se gine · 1 special-sitting paper(s) of 2021 not counted2021 की विशेष परीक्षा के 1 पेपर नहीं गिने गए2021 ki special exam ke 1 paper nahi gine
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🔥 Most asked in this chapterइस अध्याय में सबसे ज़्यादा पूछे गएIs chapter mein sabse zyada aaye
Ranked by how many years each topic came in the paper. Tap a topic to jump to its notes.हर टॉपिक कितने वर्ष पेपर में आया, उसी क्रम में। टॉपिक पर टैप करें, नोट्स पर पहुँचें।Har topic kitne saal paper mein aaya, usi order mein. Topic par tap kijiye, notes par pahunchiye.
Haven't studied anything? Read just this much and you will pass.कुछ नहीं पढ़ा? बस इतना पढ़ लीजिए, पास हो जाएँगे।Kuch nahi padha? Bas itna padh lijiye, pass ho jayenge.
The unseen passage is 15 easy marks that need no learning by heart, only careful reading. Read the questions first, then the passage, and underline the lines that answer each question. Answer in your own short, complete sentences.अपठित गद्यांश 15 अंक का है और इसमें कुछ रटना नहीं पड़ता, केवल ध्यान से पढ़ना होता है। पहले प्रश्न पढ़िए, फिर गद्यांश, और हर प्रश्न का उत्तर देने वाली पंक्ति को रेखांकित कीजिए। उत्तर अपने छोटे, पूरे वाक्यों में लिखिए।Unseen passage 15 marks ka hai aur ismein kuch ratna nahi padta, bas dhyaan se padhna hai. Pehle questions padhiye, phir passage, aur har question ka answer dene wali line underline kijiye. Answer apne chhote, poore sentences mein likhiye.
🏅 Pass-guarantee minimumपास होने के लिए न्यूनतमPass hone ke liye minimum
- Never leave the passage: it is 15 marks and needs no memorising.
- Read questions first, underline answers in the passage, write 2–3 full sentences each.
- Vocabulary: the word is always in the passage; write it in the same form.
- गद्यांश कभी न छोड़ें: यह 15 अंक का है और इसमें रटना नहीं पड़ता।
- पहले प्रश्न पढ़ें, गद्यांश में उत्तर रेखांकित करें, हर उत्तर 2–3 पूरे वाक्यों में लिखें।
- शब्दार्थ: शब्द हमेशा गद्यांश में ही होता है; उसी रूप में लिखें।
- Passage kabhi mat chhodiye: ye 15 marks ka hai aur ismein ratna nahi padta.
- Pehle questions padhiye, passage mein answers underline kijiye, har answer 2–3 poore sentences mein.
- Vocabulary: word hamesha passage mein hi hota hai; usi form mein likhiye.
🎯 1-mark facts that keep comingबार-बार आने वाले 1 अंक के तथ्यBaar baar aane wale 1 mark facts
- Answer the passage questions in the same order and with the same numbers as printed.
- 'Find a word that means X' → the answer is one word from the passage, same part of speech as X.
- गद्यांश के प्रश्नों के उत्तर उसी क्रम और संख्या से लिखें जैसे छपे हैं।
- 'Find a word that means X' → उत्तर गद्यांश का एक शब्द, X के समान शब्द-भेद वाला।
- Passage ke answers usi order aur number se likhiye jaise chhape hain.
- 'Find a word that means X' → answer passage ka ek word, X jaisa hi part of speech.
The questions that come every year, with model answers. Most asked first.हर साल आने वाले प्रश्न, आदर्श उत्तरों के साथ। सबसे ज़्यादा पूछे गए पहले।Har saal aane wale sawaal, model answers ke saath. Sabse zyada aaye pehle.
Unseen passage: short-answer questions (3 marks each)अपठित गद्यांश: लघु उत्तरीय प्रश्न (3-3 अंक)Unseen passage: short-answer questions (3-3 marks)
🔥 Asked in 5 of 5 years🔥 5 में से 5 वर्ष पूछा गया🔥 Aaya hai 5/5 saal🔴 Very importantबहुत महत्वपूर्णBahut important- Pattern (2026-27 syllabus): one long passage, 4 short questions of 3 marks + 3 vocabulary questions of 1 mark = 15 marks.
- Step 1: read all the questions first, so you know what to look for.
- Step 2: read the passage once fully for the main idea; read again slowly and underline the answer lines.
- Step 3: answer in 2–3 complete sentences. Start with the words of the question: Q 'Why did the king get angry?' → 'The king got angry because …'.
- Use the facts of the passage only. Do not add your own opinion unless the question asks 'in your opinion'.
- Do not copy long lines word for word; change a few words and keep the meaning (examiners give full marks to clear own words).
- Write the question number exactly as printed, e.g. 1 (a), 1 (b). Keep the answers in the same order.
- Common question kinds: who/what/why facts, reason ('why'), result ('what happened'), the writer's view, and the main idea of a paragraph.
- पैटर्न (2026-27 पाठ्यक्रम): एक लंबा गद्यांश, 3-3 अंक के 4 लघु प्रश्न + 1-1 अंक के 3 शब्दार्थ प्रश्न = 15 अंक।
- चरण 1: पहले सारे प्रश्न पढ़िए, ताकि पता हो कि क्या खोजना है।
- चरण 2: गद्यांश एक बार पूरा पढ़कर मुख्य भाव समझिए; दोबारा धीरे पढ़कर उत्तर वाली पंक्तियाँ रेखांकित कीजिए।
- चरण 3: उत्तर 2–3 पूरे वाक्यों में लिखिए। उत्तर प्रश्न के शब्दों से शुरू कीजिए: Q 'Why did the king get angry?' → 'The king got angry because …'।
- केवल गद्यांश के तथ्य लिखिए। अपनी राय तभी लिखिए जब प्रश्न 'in your opinion' पूछे।
- लंबी पंक्तियाँ ज्यों-की-त्यों न उतारें; कुछ शब्द बदलकर अर्थ वही रखें (अपने स्पष्ट शब्दों पर पूरे अंक मिलते हैं)।
- प्रश्न संख्या वैसी ही लिखें जैसी छपी है, जैसे 1 (a), 1 (b)। उत्तर उसी क्रम में रखें।
- सामान्य प्रश्न: कौन/क्या/क्यों वाले तथ्य, कारण ('why'), परिणाम ('what happened'), लेखक का विचार, और किसी अनुच्छेद का मुख्य भाव।
- Pattern (2026-27 syllabus): ek lamba passage, 3-3 marks ke 4 short questions + 1-1 mark ke 3 vocabulary questions = 15 marks.
- Step 1: pehle saare questions padhiye, taaki pata ho kya dhoondhna hai.
- Step 2: passage ek baar poora padh ke main idea samjhiye; dobara dheere padh ke answer wali lines underline kijiye.
- Step 3: answer 2–3 poore sentences mein likhiye. Answer question ke words se shuru kijiye: Q 'Why did the king get angry?' → 'The king got angry because …'.
- Sirf passage ke facts likhiye. Apni opinion tabhi likhiye jab question 'in your opinion' pooche.
- Lambi lines word-for-word copy mat kijiye; kuch words badal ke meaning same rakhiye (apne clear words par poore marks milte hain).
- Question number waise hi likhiye jaise chhapa hai, jaise 1 (a), 1 (b). Answers usi order mein rakhiye.
- Common questions: who/what/why wale facts, reason ('why'), result ('what happened'), writer ka view, aur kisi paragraph ka main idea.
Practice passage (our own): "Water is the most precious gift of nature, yet we waste it as if it will never end. In many Indian villages, women still walk miles every morning to fetch a few pots of drinking water. Cities are not much better: taps run dry in summer, and tankers become a daily sight. Experts warn that if we do not save rainwater and stop overusing groundwater, the coming generations will face a terrible shortage. Small habits, such as closing the tap while brushing and repairing leaking pipes, can save thousands of litres in a year." — (a) Why do village women walk miles every morning? (b) What do experts warn about?अभ्यास गद्यांश (हमारा अपना, अंग्रेज़ी में): "Water is the most precious gift of nature, yet we waste it as if it will never end. In many Indian villages, women still walk miles every morning to fetch a few pots of drinking water. Cities are not much better: taps run dry in summer, and tankers become a daily sight. Experts warn that if we do not save rainwater and stop overusing groundwater, the coming generations will face a terrible shortage. Small habits, such as closing the tap while brushing and repairing leaking pipes, can save thousands of litres in a year." — (a) Why do village women walk miles every morning? (b) What do experts warn about?Practice passage (hamara apna): "Water is the most precious gift of nature, yet we waste it as if it will never end. In many Indian villages, women still walk miles every morning to fetch a few pots of drinking water. Cities are not much better: taps run dry in summer, and tankers become a daily sight. Experts warn that if we do not save rainwater and stop overusing groundwater, the coming generations will face a terrible shortage. Small habits, such as closing the tap while brushing and repairing leaking pipes, can save thousands of litres in a year." — (a) Why do village women walk miles every morning? (b) What do experts warn about?
- (a) Village women walk miles every morning to fetch a few pots of drinking water, because there is no water supply near their homes.
- (b) Experts warn that if we do not save rainwater and keep overusing groundwater, the coming generations will face a terrible shortage of water.
- (a) Village women walk miles every morning to fetch a few pots of drinking water, because there is no water supply near their homes. (गाँव की स्त्रियाँ पीने का पानी लाने के लिए मीलों चलती हैं।)
- (b) Experts warn that if we do not save rainwater and keep overusing groundwater, the coming generations will face a terrible shortage of water. (वर्षा जल न बचाने पर आने वाली पीढ़ियों को पानी की भारी कमी झेलनी होगी।)
- (a) Village women walk miles every morning to fetch a few pots of drinking water, because there is no water supply near their homes.
- (b) Experts warn that if we do not save rainwater and keep overusing groundwater, the coming generations will face a terrible shortage of water.
Same passage: (c) What small habits can save water?वही गद्यांश: (c) What small habits can save water?Wahi passage: (c) What small habits can save water?
- Closing the tap while brushing our teeth and getting leaking pipes repaired are two small habits that save water.
- The passage says such habits can save thousands of litres in a year.
- Closing the tap while brushing our teeth and getting leaking pipes repaired are two small habits that save water. (ब्रश करते समय नल बंद करना, टपकते पाइप ठीक कराना)
- The passage says such habits can save thousands of litres in a year.
- Closing the tap while brushing our teeth and getting leaking pipes repaired are two small habits that save water.
- The passage says such habits can save thousands of litres in a year.
💡 Answer in English only, in full sentences. One-word answers lose marks in 3-mark questions.उत्तर केवल अंग्रेज़ी में, पूरे वाक्यों में लिखिए। 3 अंक के प्रश्न में एक शब्द का उत्तर अंक कटवाता है।Answer sirf English mein, poore sentences mein. 3 marks ke question mein one-word answer se marks katte hain.
Passage vocabulary: word meanings, synonyms, opposites (1 mark each)गद्यांश के शब्द: अर्थ, समानार्थी, विलोम (1-1 अंक)Passage vocabulary: meanings, synonyms, opposites (1-1 mark)
🔥 Asked in 5 of 5 years🔥 5 में से 5 वर्ष पूछा गया🔥 Aaya hai 5/5 saal🔴 Very importantबहुत महत्वपूर्णBahut important- Three kinds come: (1) 'Find a word in the passage that means …', (2) 'Give the opposite of … from the passage', (3) 'Explain the phrase … as used in the passage'.
- For 'find the word': the word is always IN the passage. Search the paragraph the question points to; match its part of speech (noun for noun, verb for verb).
- Write only the word, in the same form as in the passage (e.g. 'wrath', not 'wrathful').
- For opposites, check the word in the passage: 'sadness' ↔ 'joy', 'ancient' ↔ 'modern', 'scarcity' ↔ 'plenty'.
- For a phrase, give its meaning in the passage's context in one short line: 'showered blows' = 'hit again and again'.
- Practice from our passage: a word meaning 'valuable' → precious; opposite of 'save' → waste; 'run dry' means 'have no water left'.
- तीन प्रकार आते हैं: (1) 'Find a word in the passage that means …', (2) 'Give the opposite of … from the passage', (3) 'Explain the phrase … as used in the passage'।
- 'Find the word' में शब्द हमेशा गद्यांश में ही होता है। संकेतित अनुच्छेद खोजिए; शब्द-भेद मिलाइए (संज्ञा के लिए संज्ञा, क्रिया के लिए क्रिया)।
- केवल शब्द लिखिए, उसी रूप में जैसा गद्यांश में है (जैसे 'wrath', न कि 'wrathful')।
- विलोम के लिए गद्यांश का शब्द देखें: 'sadness' ↔ 'joy', 'ancient' ↔ 'modern', 'scarcity' ↔ 'plenty'।
- मुहावरे/वाक्यांश का अर्थ गद्यांश के संदर्भ में एक पंक्ति में दें: 'showered blows' = 'बार-बार मारना' (hit again and again)।
- हमारे गद्यांश से अभ्यास: 'valuable' के अर्थ वाला शब्द → precious; 'save' का विलोम → waste; 'run dry' = पानी समाप्त हो जाना।
- Teen type aate hain: (1) 'Find a word in the passage that means …', (2) 'Give the opposite of … from the passage', (3) 'Explain the phrase … as used in the passage'.
- 'Find the word' mein word hamesha passage mein hi hota hai. Jis paragraph ki baat hai wahan dhoondhiye; part of speech match kijiye (noun ke liye noun, verb ke liye verb).
- Sirf word likhiye, usi form mein jaise passage mein hai (jaise 'wrath', 'wrathful' nahi).
- Opposite ke liye passage ka word dekhiye: 'sadness' ↔ 'joy', 'ancient' ↔ 'modern', 'scarcity' ↔ 'plenty'.
- Phrase ka meaning passage ke context mein ek line mein dijiye: 'showered blows' = 'baar-baar maarna' (hit again and again).
- Hamare passage se practice: 'valuable' ke meaning wala word → precious; 'save' ka opposite → waste; 'run dry' = paani khatam ho jaana.
From the practice passage: (i) Find a word meaning 'valuable'. (ii) Give the opposite of 'save'. (iii) What does 'a daily sight' mean?अभ्यास गद्यांश से: (i) Find a word meaning 'valuable'. (ii) Give the opposite of 'save'. (iii) What does 'a daily sight' mean?Practice passage se: (i) Find a word meaning 'valuable'. (ii) Give the opposite of 'save'. (iii) What does 'a daily sight' mean?
- (i) precious
- (ii) waste
- (iii) something seen every day
- (i) precious
- (ii) waste
- (iii) something seen every day (रोज़ दिखने वाली चीज़)
- (i) precious
- (ii) waste
- (iii) something seen every day (roz dikhne wali cheez)
Suitable title for the passage (older papers)गद्यांश का उपयुक्त शीर्षक (पुराने प्रश्नपत्र)Passage ka suitable title (purane papers)
Not asked yetअभी तक नहीं पूछा गयाAbhi tak nahi aayaOld syllabus (2017–2020): also in 3 of 4 yearsपुराना सिलेबस (2017–2020): 4 में से 3 वर्ष भी आयाPurane syllabus (2017–2020) mein bhi 3/4 saal aaya- Asked in older papers; the current pattern gives 4 short questions + vocabulary, but a title question can still help you understand the main idea.
- A good title is short (2–5 words), covers the WHOLE passage, not one line.
- Find the word that repeats most in the passage: it is usually the subject (e.g. 'Save Water', 'The Value of Water').
- Capitalise the main words: 'The Need to Save Water'.
- यह पुराने प्रश्नपत्रों में पूछा गया; वर्तमान पैटर्न में 4 लघु प्रश्न + शब्दार्थ आते हैं, पर शीर्षक सोचने से मुख्य भाव समझने में मदद मिलती है।
- अच्छा शीर्षक छोटा (2–5 शब्द) हो और पूरे गद्यांश को समेटे, किसी एक पंक्ति को नहीं।
- गद्यांश में सबसे अधिक दोहराया गया शब्द खोजिए: वही प्रायः विषय होता है (जैसे 'Save Water', 'The Value of Water')।
- मुख्य शब्दों का पहला अक्षर बड़ा लिखिए: 'The Need to Save Water'।
- Ye purane papers mein poocha gaya; current pattern mein 4 short questions + vocabulary aate hain, par title sochne se main idea samajhne mein madad milti hai.
- Achha title chhota (2–5 words) ho aur poore passage ko cover kare, kisi ek line ko nahi.
- Passage mein sabse zyada repeat hone wala word dhoondhiye: wahi aksar subject hota hai (jaise 'Save Water', 'The Value of Water').
- Main words ka pehla letter capital likhiye: 'The Need to Save Water'.
Full derivations, tricky questions, common mistakes and quick revision.पूरी व्युत्पत्तियाँ, कठिन प्रश्न, आम गलतियाँ और त्वरित पुनरावृत्ति।Poori derivations, tricky sawaal, aam galtiyan aur quick revision.
'What is the writer's view about …?' — how do you answer an opinion-of-the-writer question?'What is the writer's view about …?' जैसे प्रश्न का उत्तर कैसे दें?'What is the writer's view about …?' jaise question ka answer kaise dein?
- Find the line where the writer judges something (words like 'should', 'must', 'it is sad that', 'unfortunately').
- Write: 'The writer feels/believes that …' and give the reason from the passage.
- Example (our passage): The writer believes that we waste water carelessly and that small daily habits can solve a big part of the problem.
- वह पंक्ति खोजिए जहाँ लेखक कोई निर्णय देता है ('should', 'must', 'it is sad that', 'unfortunately' जैसे शब्द)।
- लिखिए: 'The writer feels/believes that …' और गद्यांश से कारण दीजिए।
- उदाहरण (हमारा गद्यांश): The writer believes that we waste water carelessly and that small daily habits can solve a big part of the problem.
- Wo line dhoondhiye jahan writer kuch judge karta hai ('should', 'must', 'it is sad that', 'unfortunately' jaise words).
- Likhiye: 'The writer feels/believes that …' aur passage se reason dijiye.
- Example (hamara passage): The writer believes that we waste water carelessly and that small daily habits can solve a big part of the problem.
⚠️ Common mistakesआम गलतियाँAam galtiyan
- Copying a whole paragraph as the answer → pick only the lines that answer, in your own words.
- Answering from general knowledge → only what the passage says.
- Changing the form of the vocabulary word (precious → preciousness) → keep the exact form.
- पूरा अनुच्छेद उत्तर में उतार देना → केवल उत्तर वाली पंक्तियाँ, अपने शब्दों में।
- सामान्य ज्ञान से उत्तर देना → केवल वही जो गद्यांश कहता है।
- शब्दार्थ वाले शब्द का रूप बदलना (precious → preciousness) → ठीक वही रूप रखें।
- Poora paragraph answer mein copy kar dena → sirf answer wali lines, apne words mein.
- General knowledge se answer dena → sirf wahi jo passage kehta hai.
- Vocabulary word ka form badalna (precious → preciousness) → exact wahi form rakhiye.
💎 Rarely asked but importantकम पूछा गया पर ज़रूरीKam aaya par zaroori
- Some papers ask 'Give a suitable title' or 'Write the main idea in one sentence' — be ready with a 3-word title.
- कुछ प्रश्नपत्रों में 'Give a suitable title' या 'main idea in one sentence' पूछा जाता है — 3 शब्दों का शीर्षक सोचकर रखें।
- Kuch papers mein 'Give a suitable title' ya 'main idea in one sentence' poocha jata hai — 3 words ka title soch ke rakhiye.
⚡ Quick revisionत्वरित पुनरावृत्तिQuick revision
- 15 marks = 4 × 3 (short answers) + 3 × 1 (vocabulary).
- Questions first, passage next.
- Begin answers with the question's words.
- 2–3 complete sentences per 3-mark answer.
- Vocabulary answers come from the passage itself.
- Keep the same tense as the passage.
- Leave a line between answers for neatness.
- 15 अंक = 4 × 3 (लघु उत्तर) + 3 × 1 (शब्दार्थ)।
- पहले प्रश्न, फिर गद्यांश।
- उत्तर प्रश्न के शब्दों से शुरू करें।
- 3 अंक के उत्तर में 2–3 पूरे वाक्य।
- शब्दार्थ के उत्तर गद्यांश से ही।
- गद्यांश वाला ही काल (tense) रखें।
- साफ़-सफ़ाई के लिए उत्तरों के बीच एक पंक्ति छोड़ें।
- 15 marks = 4 × 3 (short answers) + 3 × 1 (vocabulary).
- Pehle questions, phir passage.
- Answers question ke words se shuru kijiye.
- 3 marks ke answer mein 2–3 poore sentences.
- Vocabulary answers passage se hi.
- Passage wala hi tense rakhiye.
- Neatness ke liye answers ke beech ek line chhodiye.
Notes written by Simple Learning Hub from the current NCERT syllabus. Year counts come only from UP Board papers we actually read.नोट्स Simple Learning Hub ने वर्तमान NCERT पाठ्यक्रम से लिखे हैं। वर्षों की गिनती केवल उन यूपी बोर्ड पेपरों से है जो हमने सच में पढ़े।Notes Simple Learning Hub ne current NCERT syllabus se likhe hain. Saalon ki ginti sirf un UP Board papers se hai jo humne sach mein padhe.