n-type semiconductor: pentavalent donorn-प्रकार अर्धचालक: पंचसंयोजी दाताn-type semiconductor: pentavalent donor
NCERT Fig 14.7 · Class 12 Physics · Chapter 14 · interactive diagram
Read Chapter 14 with this diagramइस डायग्राम के साथ अध्याय 14 पढ़ेंIs diagram ke saath Ch 14 padhiyeAll Physics diagramsसभी भौतिकी डायग्रामSaare Physics diagrams
Parts and what they mean
- Pentavalent donor atom (As, Sb, P) (पंचसंयोजी दाता परमाणु (As, Sb, P)) — It takes the place of a Si atom. Four of its five valence electrons form bonds with the four Si neighbours.
- The fifth (extra) electron (पाँचवाँ (अतिरिक्त) इलेक्ट्रॉन) — Very weakly bound: only ~0.01 eV (Ge) or ~0.05 eV (Si) frees it, so at room temperature it is a free conduction electron. The donor is left as a fixed + ion.
- (b) Schematic of n-type material ((b) n-प्रकार पदार्थ का व्यवस्था चित्र) — Shows only the fixed donor cores and their extra electrons; the Si lattice is not drawn.
- Ionised donor core (+) (आयनित दाता क्रोड (+)) — Immobile positive charge bound in the lattice.
- Free electrons — majority carriers (मुक्त इलेक्ट्रॉन — बहुसंख्यक वाहक) — One from each donor, independent of temperature; far more than the thermal ones.
- Hole — minority carrier (होल — अल्पसंख्यक वाहक) — Only from thermal generation, and reduced further by recombination with the many electrons.
- +4 Si core (+4 Si क्रोड) — Host silicon atom.
- Covalent bond (सहसंयोजक आबंध) — Two shared electrons.
Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 14.7. Report a mistake