How many α-particles scatter at each angle (Rutherford’s curve)हर कोण पर कितने α-कण प्रकीर्णित होते हैं (रदरफ़ोर्ड वक्र)How many α-particles scatter at each angle (Rutherford’s curve)

NCERT Fig 12.3 · Class 12 Physics · Chapter 12 · interactive diagram

Parts and what they mean

• Rutherford’s prediction (रदरफ़ोर्ड की प्रागुक्ति) — For a tiny, dense, positive nucleus the number scattered falls as 1/sin⁴(θ/2). Geiger and Marsden’s data points (shown as dots in NCERT Fig 12.3) lie on this curve.
• Large-angle scattering (θ > 90°) (बड़े कोण पर प्रकीर्णन (θ > 90°)) — Only about 1 in 8000 α-particles turn back by more than 90° — but even these few prove that a tiny, heavy, positive core exists.
• Scattering angle θ (प्रकीर्णन कोण θ) — Angle by which the α-particle is turned from its original direction.
• Number scattered (log scale) (प्रकीर्णित कणों की संख्या (लघुगणकीय पैमाना)) — Each step up the axis is 10 times more particles — small angles get hundreds of thousands of times more than 180°.

Original diagram drawn by Simple Learning Hub, based on NCERT Fig 12.3. Report a mistake