Ch 5Arithmetic Progressionsसमांतर श्रेढ़ियाँArithmetic Progressions (AP)
Number patterns that grow by a fixed step: the common difference, the nth term $a_n = a + (n-1)d$, terms from the end, and the sum $S_n$ of the first n terms — with our own solved examples, money word problems, common mistakes and a quiz.एक निश्चित अंतर से बढ़ने वाले संख्या-पैटर्न: सार्व अंतर, n वाँ पद $a_n = a + (n-1)d$, अंत से पद, और पहले n पदों का योग $S_n$ — हमारे अपने हल किए गए उदाहरण, पैसों वाले शब्द प्रश्न, आम गलतियाँ और क्विज़।Ek fixed step se badhne wale number patterns: common difference, nth term $a_n = a + (n-1)d$, end se terms, aur pehle n terms ka sum $S_n$ — humare apne solved examples, paison wale word problems, common mistakes aur quiz.
Didn’t understand a paragraph? Tap it (or its Explain button) → Hindi / Hinglish / Simple English.कोई पैराग्राफ़ समझ नहीं आया? उस पर (या समझें बटन पर) टैप करें → English / Hinglish।Koi paragraph samajh nahi aaya? Us par (ya Samjho button par) tap kijiye → Hindi / English.
Board Notes: Pass to Topperबोर्ड नोट्स: पास से टॉपर तकBoard Notes: Pass se Topper tak🔥 Top topic came in 5 of 7 years · see what to learn first🔥 सबसे ऊपर वाला टॉपिक 7 में से 5 वर्ष आया · देखें पहले क्या पढ़ें🔥 Top topic 7 mein se 5 saal aaya · dekhiye pehle kya padhna haiIn this chapter (NCERT sections)इस अध्याय में (NCERT खंड)Is chapter mein (NCERT sections)
- 5.1IntroductionभूमिकाIntroduction
- 5.2Arithmetic Progressionsसमांतर श्रेढ़ियाँArithmetic Progressions
- 5.3nth Term of an APAP का n वाँ पदAP ka nth term
- 5.4Sum of First n Terms of an APAP के प्रथम n पदों का योगAP ke pehle n terms ka sum
- ★Yaad rakho — key formulasयाद रखो — मुख्य सूत्रYaad rakho — key formulas
- ⚠Common mistakesआम गलतियाँCommon mistakes
- ✎Practice questions — with solutionsअभ्यास प्रश्न — हल सहितPractice questions — with solutions
- 🎯Quizक्विज़Quiz
5.1IntroductionभूमिकाIntroduction
Saving ₹10 more every month, steps of a staircase, seats in rows of a hall — each next value is the previous one plus the same number. Such lists are called Arithmetic Progressions (APs).हर महीने ₹10 अधिक बचाना, सीढ़ियों के पायदान, हॉल की पंक्तियों में सीटें — हर अगला मान पिछले मान में एक ही संख्या जोड़ने पर मिलता है। ऐसी सूचियाँ समांतर श्रेढ़ी (AP) कहलाती हैं।Har mahine ₹10 zyada bachana, seedhiyon ke steps, hall ki rows mein seats — har agli value pichhli value mein same number jodne par milti hai. Aisi lists Arithmetic Progressions (AP) kehlati hain.
Didn’t get this part?समझ नहीं आया?Samajh nahi aaya?
5.2Arithmetic Progressionsसमांतर श्रेढ़ियाँArithmetic Progressions
Solution — step by step (1)हल — चरण दर चरण (1)Hal — step by step (1)
- Find the differences between consecutive terms.क्रमागत पदों के अंतर निकालिए।Consecutive terms ke differences nikaliye.\text{(i) } 4, 4, 4 \quad \text{(ii) } 3, 5, 7 \quad \text{(iii) } -3, -3, -3
✔ (i) AP with d = 4 (ii) not an AP (differences change) (iii) AP with d = −3.(i) AP, d = 4 (ii) AP नहीं (अंतर बदलते हैं) (iii) AP, d = −3।(i) AP, d = 4 (ii) AP nahi (differences badalte hain) (iii) AP, d = −3.
Didn’t get this part?समझ नहीं आया?Samajh nahi aaya?
5.3nth Term of an APAP का n वाँ पदAP ka nth term
Solution — step by step (1)हल — चरण दर चरण (1)Hal — step by step (1)
- a = 5, \; d = 4, \quad a_{20} = 5 + 19 \times 4 = 81
✔ 81
Solution — step by step (1)हल — चरण दर चरण (1)Hal — step by step (1)
- 4 + (n - 1) \times 5 = 104 \Rightarrow n - 1 = 20 \Rightarrow n = 21
✔ The 21st term.21 वाँ पद।21st term.
Solution — step by step (1)हल — चरण दर चरण (1)Hal — step by step (1)
- They form an AP: first 102, last 996, d = 6.ये एक AP बनाती हैं: पहली 102, अंतिम 996, d = 6।Yeh ek AP banate hain: pehla 102, aakhri 996, d = 6.102 + (n - 1) \times 6 = 996 \Rightarrow n - 1 = 149 \Rightarrow n = 150
✔ 150
Solution — step by step (1)हल — चरण दर चरण (1)Hal — step by step (1)
- a + 3d = 14, \quad a + 8d = 34 \Rightarrow 5d = 20 \Rightarrow d = 4, \; a = 2
✔ a = 2, d = 4 (AP: 2, 6, 10, 14, …)
Solution — step by step (1)हल — चरण दर चरण (1)Hal — step by step (1)
- l = 98, \; d = 4, \quad 98 - (5 - 1) \times 4 = 82
✔ 82
Didn’t get this part?समझ नहीं आया?Samajh nahi aaya?
5.4Sum of First n Terms of an APAP के प्रथम n पदों का योगAP ke pehle n terms ka sum
Solution — step by step (1)हल — चरण दर चरण (1)Hal — step by step (1)
- S_{25} = \frac{25}{2}\,[2(7) + 24(3)] = \frac{25}{2} \times 86 = 1075
✔ 1075
Solution — step by step (1)हल — चरण दर चरण (1)Hal — step by step (1)
- 1 + (n - 1)2 = 99 \Rightarrow n = 50, \qquad S_{50} = \frac{50}{2}(1 + 99) = 2500
✔ 2500
Solution — step by step (1)हल — चरण दर चरण (1)Hal — step by step (1)
- a = 50, \; d = 20, \; n = 12, \quad S_{12} = 6\,[100 + 11 \times 20] = 6 \times 320 = 1920
✔ ₹1920
Solution — step by step (2)हल — चरण दर चरण (2)Hal — step by step (2)
- \frac{n}{2}\,[6 + 4(n - 1)] = 210 \Rightarrow n(2n + 1) = 210 \Rightarrow 2n^2 + n - 210 = 0
- (n - 10)(2n + 21) = 0 \Rightarrow n = 10
✔ 10 terms (n cannot be negative or a fraction).10 पद (n ऋणात्मक या भिन्न नहीं हो सकता)।10 terms (n negative ya fraction nahi ho sakta).
Solution — step by step (1)हल — चरण दर चरण (1)Hal — step by step (1)
- a_n = S_n - S_{n-1} = (3n^2 + 2n) - [3(n - 1)^2 + 2(n - 1)] = 6n - 1
✔ a_n = 6n - 1 (AP: 5, 11, 17, …)
Didn’t get this part?समझ नहीं आया?Samajh nahi aaya?
★ Yaad rakho — key formulas★ याद रखो — मुख्य सूत्र★ Yaad rakho — key formulas
- d = a_2 - a_1 (same for every pair of neighbours).d = a_2 - a_1 (हर पड़ोसी जोड़े के लिए समान)।d = a_2 - a_1 (har padosi jode ke liye same).
- a_n = a + (n - 1)d; from the end: l - (n - 1)d.a_n = a + (n - 1)d; अंत से: l - (n - 1)d।a_n = a + (n - 1)d; end se: l - (n - 1)d.
- S_n = \frac{n}{2}[2a + (n - 1)d] = \frac{n}{2}(a + l).S_n = \frac{n}{2}[2a + (n - 1)d] = \frac{n}{2}(a + l)।S_n = \frac{n}{2}[2a + (n - 1)d] = \frac{n}{2}(a + l).
- a_n = S_n - S_{n-1}.a_n = S_n - S_{n-1}।a_n = S_n - S_{n-1}.
- Sum of first n natural numbers = \frac{n(n + 1)}{2}.प्रथम n प्राकृत संख्याओं का योग = \frac{n(n + 1)}{2}।Pehle n natural numbers ka sum = \frac{n(n + 1)}{2}.
⚠ Common mistakes⚠ आम गलतियाँ⚠ Common mistakes
- Using a + nd instead of a + (n - 1)d for the nth term.n वें पद के लिए a + (n - 1)d की जगह a + nd लेना।nth term ke liye a + (n - 1)d ki jagah a + nd lena.
- Taking d as a_1 - a_2 — it is always later term minus earlier term.d को a_1 - a_2 लेना — यह हमेशा बाद वाला पद घटा पहले वाला पद है।d ko a_1 - a_2 lena — yeh hamesha baad wala term minus pehle wala term hai.
- Mixing up a_n (one term) and S_n (sum of n terms).a_n (एक पद) और S_n (n पदों का योग) में गड़बड़ करना।a_n (ek term) aur S_n (n terms ka sum) mein confusion.
- Accepting a non-whole or negative n — the number of terms must be a natural number.भिन्नात्मक या ऋणात्मक n स्वीकार करना — पदों की संख्या प्राकृत संख्या ही होगी।Fraction ya negative n maan lena — terms ki sankhya natural number hi hogi.
- Counting terms as (last − first) ÷ d and forgetting the "+ 1".पदों की संख्या (अंतिम − प्रथम) ÷ d गिनकर "+ 1" भूल जाना।Terms ki sankhya (last − first) ÷ d ginkar "+ 1" bhool jaana.
✎ Practice questions — with solutions✎ अभ्यास प्रश्न — हल सहित✎ Practice questions — with solutions
5 practice questions written by us (not copied from the book). Try each one yourself first, then tap it to see the full solution.हमारे द्वारा बनाए गए 5 अभ्यास प्रश्न (किताब से नहीं)। पहले स्वयं हल करें, फिर हल देखने के लिए प्रश्न पर टैप करें।Humare banaye hue 5 practice questions (kitaab se copy nahi). Pehle khud try kijiye, phir hal dekhne ke liye question par tap kijiye.
Practice questionsअभ्यास प्रश्नPractice questions · 5 Q
Q1. Find the 10th term of the AP −3, 1, 5, …AP −3, 1, 5, … का 10 वाँ पद ज्ञात कीजिए।AP −3, 1, 5, … ka 10th term nikaliye.
- a_{10} = -3 + 9 \times 4 = 33
✔ 33
Q2. Is 200 a term of the AP 7, 11, 15, …?क्या 200, AP 7, 11, 15, … का एक पद है?Kya 200, AP 7, 11, 15, … ka ek term hai?
- 7 + (n - 1)4 = 200 \Rightarrow n - 1 = \frac{193}{4}
✔ No — n is not a whole number.नहीं — n पूर्ण संख्या नहीं है।Nahi — n whole number nahi hai.
Q3. Find the sum of the first 20 multiples of 4.4 के प्रथम 20 गुणजों का योग ज्ञात कीजिए।4 ke pehle 20 multiples ka sum nikaliye.
- S_{20} = \frac{20}{2}(4 + 80) = 840
✔ 840
Q4. The 3rd term of an AP is 11 and the 7th term is 27. Find the sum of its first 10 terms.एक AP का तीसरा पद 11 और 7 वाँ पद 27 है। इसके प्रथम 10 पदों का योग ज्ञात कीजिए।Ek AP ka 3rd term 11 aur 7th term 27 hai. Iske pehle 10 terms ka sum nikaliye.
- 4d = 16 \Rightarrow d = 4, \; a = 3, \quad S_{10} = 5\,[6 + 9 \times 4] = 210
✔ 210
Q5. How many multiples of 7 lie between 100 and 300?100 और 300 के बीच 7 के कितने गुणज हैं?100 aur 300 ke beech 7 ke kitne multiples hain?
- 105, 112, \dots, 294: \quad 105 + (n - 1)7 = 294 \Rightarrow n = 28
✔ 28
🎯 Quiz — 6 questions🎯 क्विज़ — 6 प्रश्न🎯 Quiz — 6 questions
Tap an option. The answer and a short reason appear at once.किसी विकल्प पर टैप करें। उत्तर और छोटा कारण तुरंत दिखेगा।Kisi option par tap kijiye. Answer aur chhota reason turant dikhega.
1. The common difference of 10, 7, 4, 1, … is:10, 7, 4, 1, … का सार्व अंतर है:10, 7, 4, 1, … ka common difference hai:
2. The nth term of 2, 5, 8, … is:2, 5, 8, … का n वाँ पद है:2, 5, 8, … ka nth term hai:
3. The sum of the first 10 natural numbers is:प्रथम 10 प्राकृत संख्याओं का योग है:Pehle 10 natural numbers ka sum hai:
4. Which of these is an AP?इनमें से कौन-सी AP है?Inmein se kaunsi AP hai?
5. If a = 5 and d = 3, the 15th term is:यदि a = 5 और d = 3, तो 15 वाँ पद है:Agar a = 5 aur d = 3, to 15th term hai:
6. If S_n = n^2, then a_5 is:यदि S_n = n^2, तो a_5 है:Agar S_n = n^2, to a_5 hai:
Found a mistake? Report a mistake — we fix confirmed errors quickly.
These are Simple Learning Hub's own study notes and solutions, written to follow the NCERT Class 10 Mathematics textbook (Reprint 2026-27) section by section; read them with the official NCERT chapter. All examples and practice questions are our own; diagrams are original SLH drawings.